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@@ -4,197 +4,197 @@ for everything (filename, uid, filesize etc) which can overflow.
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pax Header Block
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-The pax header block shall be identical to the ustar header block
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-described in ustar Interchange Format, except that two additional
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+The pax header block shall be identical to the ustar header block
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+described in ustar Interchange Format, except that two additional
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typeflag values are defined:
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x
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- Represents extended header records for the following file in
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+ Represents extended header records for the following file in
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the archive (which shall have its own ustar header block).
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g
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- Represents global extended header records for the following
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-files in the archive. Each value shall affect all subsequent files
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-that do not override that value in their own extended header
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-record and until another global extended header record is reached
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-that provides another value for the same field. The typeflag g
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-global headers should not be used with interchange media that
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+ Represents global extended header records for the following
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+files in the archive. Each value shall affect all subsequent files
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+that do not override that value in their own extended header
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+record and until another global extended header record is reached
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+that provides another value for the same field. The typeflag g
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+global headers should not be used with interchange media that
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could suffer partial data loss in transporting the archive.
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-For both of these types, the size field shall be the size of the
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-extended header records in octets. The other fields in the header
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-block are not meaningful to this version of the pax utility.
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-However, if this archive is read by a pax utility conforming to
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-the ISO POSIX-2:1993 standard, the header block fields are used to
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-create a regular file that contains the extended header records as
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-data. Therefore, header block field values should be selected to
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+For both of these types, the size field shall be the size of the
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+extended header records in octets. The other fields in the header
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+block are not meaningful to this version of the pax utility.
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+However, if this archive is read by a pax utility conforming to
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+the ISO POSIX-2:1993 standard, the header block fields are used to
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+create a regular file that contains the extended header records as
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+data. Therefore, header block field values should be selected to
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provide reasonable file access to this regular file.
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-A further difference from the ustar header block is that data
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-blocks for files of typeflag 1 (the digit one) (hard link) may be
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-included, which means that the size field may be greater than
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+A further difference from the ustar header block is that data
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+blocks for files of typeflag 1 (the digit one) (hard link) may be
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+included, which means that the size field may be greater than
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zero.
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pax Extended Header
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-An extended header shall consist of one or more records, each
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+An extended header shall consist of one or more records, each
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constructed as follows:
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"%d %s=%s\n", <length>, <keyword>, <value>
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-The <length> field shall be the decimal length of the extended
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-header record in octets, including length string itself and the
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+The <length> field shall be the decimal length of the extended
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+header record in octets, including length string itself and the
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trailing <newline>.
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[skip]
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atime
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- The file access time for the following file(s), equivalent to
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-the value of the st_atime member of the stat structure for a file,
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-as described by the stat() function. The access time shall be
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-restored if the process has the appropriate privilege required to
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-do so. The format of the <value> shall be as described in pax
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+ The file access time for the following file(s), equivalent to
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+the value of the st_atime member of the stat structure for a file,
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+as described by the stat() function. The access time shall be
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+restored if the process has the appropriate privilege required to
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+do so. The format of the <value> shall be as described in pax
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Extended Header File Times.
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charset
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- The name of the character set used to encode the data in the
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+ The name of the character set used to encode the data in the
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following file(s).
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- The encoding is included in an extended header for information
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-only; when pax is used as described in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, it
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-shall not translate the file data into any other encoding. The
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+ The encoding is included in an extended header for information
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+only; when pax is used as described in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, it
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+shall not translate the file data into any other encoding. The
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BINARY entry indicates unencoded binary data.
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- When used in write or copy mode, it is implementation-defined
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+ When used in write or copy mode, it is implementation-defined
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whether pax includes a charset extended header record for a file.
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comment
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- A series of characters used as a comment. All characters in
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+ A series of characters used as a comment. All characters in
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the <value> field shall be ignored by pax.
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gid
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- The group ID of the group that owns the file, expressed as a
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-decimal number using digits from the ISO/IEC 646:1991 standard.
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-This record shall override the gid field in the following header
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-block(s). When used in write or copy mode, pax shall include a gid
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-extended header record for each file whose group ID is greater
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+ The group ID of the group that owns the file, expressed as a
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+decimal number using digits from the ISO/IEC 646:1991 standard.
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+This record shall override the gid field in the following header
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+block(s). When used in write or copy mode, pax shall include a gid
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+extended header record for each file whose group ID is greater
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than 2097151 (octal 7777777).
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gname
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- The group of the file(s), formatted as a group name in the
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-group database. This record shall override the gid and gname
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-fields in the following header block(s), and any gid extended
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-header record. When used in read, copy, or list mode, pax shall
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-translate the name from the UTF-8 encoding in the header record to
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-the character set appropriate for the group database on the
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-receiving system. If any of the UTF-8 characters cannot be
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-translated, and if the -o invalid= UTF-8 option is not specified,
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-the results are implementation-defined. When used in write or copy
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-mode, pax shall include a gname extended header record for each
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-file whose group name cannot be represented entirely with the
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+ The group of the file(s), formatted as a group name in the
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+group database. This record shall override the gid and gname
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+fields in the following header block(s), and any gid extended
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+header record. When used in read, copy, or list mode, pax shall
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+translate the name from the UTF-8 encoding in the header record to
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+the character set appropriate for the group database on the
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+receiving system. If any of the UTF-8 characters cannot be
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+translated, and if the -o invalid= UTF-8 option is not specified,
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+the results are implementation-defined. When used in write or copy
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+mode, pax shall include a gname extended header record for each
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+file whose group name cannot be represented entirely with the
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letters and digits of the portable character set.
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linkpath
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- The pathname of a link being created to another file, of any
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-type, previously archived. This record shall override the linkname
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-field in the following ustar header block(s). The following ustar
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-header block shall determine the type of link created. If typeflag
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-of the following header block is 1, it shall be a hard link. If
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-typeflag is 2, it shall be a symbolic link and the linkpath value
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-shall be the contents of the symbolic link. The pax utility shall
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-translate the name of the link (contents of the symbolic link)
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-from the UTF-8 encoding to the character set appropriate for the
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-local file system. When used in write or copy mode, pax shall
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-include a linkpath extended header record for each link whose
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-pathname cannot be represented entirely with the members of the
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+ The pathname of a link being created to another file, of any
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+type, previously archived. This record shall override the linkname
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+field in the following ustar header block(s). The following ustar
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+header block shall determine the type of link created. If typeflag
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+of the following header block is 1, it shall be a hard link. If
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+typeflag is 2, it shall be a symbolic link and the linkpath value
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+shall be the contents of the symbolic link. The pax utility shall
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+translate the name of the link (contents of the symbolic link)
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+from the UTF-8 encoding to the character set appropriate for the
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+local file system. When used in write or copy mode, pax shall
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+include a linkpath extended header record for each link whose
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+pathname cannot be represented entirely with the members of the
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portable character set other than NUL.
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mtime
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- The file modification time of the following file(s),
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-equivalent to the value of the st_mtime member of the stat
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-structure for a file, as described in the stat() function. This
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-record shall override the mtime field in the following header
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-block(s). The modification time shall be restored if the process
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-has the appropriate privilege required to do so. The format of the
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+ The file modification time of the following file(s),
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+equivalent to the value of the st_mtime member of the stat
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+structure for a file, as described in the stat() function. This
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+record shall override the mtime field in the following header
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+block(s). The modification time shall be restored if the process
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+has the appropriate privilege required to do so. The format of the
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<value> shall be as described in pax Extended Header File Times.
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path
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- The pathname of the following file(s). This record shall
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-override the name and prefix fields in the following header
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-block(s). The pax utility shall translate the pathname of the file
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-from the UTF-8 encoding to the character set appropriate for the
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+ The pathname of the following file(s). This record shall
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+override the name and prefix fields in the following header
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+block(s). The pax utility shall translate the pathname of the file
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+from the UTF-8 encoding to the character set appropriate for the
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local file system.
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- When used in write or copy mode, pax shall include a path
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-extended header record for each file whose pathname cannot be
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-represented entirely with the members of the portable character
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+ When used in write or copy mode, pax shall include a path
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+extended header record for each file whose pathname cannot be
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+represented entirely with the members of the portable character
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set other than NUL.
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realtime.any
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- The keywords prefixed by "realtime." are reserved for future
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+ The keywords prefixed by "realtime." are reserved for future
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standardization.
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security.any
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- The keywords prefixed by "security." are reserved for future
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+ The keywords prefixed by "security." are reserved for future
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standardization.
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size
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- The size of the file in octets, expressed as a decimal number
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-using digits from the ISO/IEC 646:1991 standard. This record shall
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-override the size field in the following header block(s). When
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-used in write or copy mode, pax shall include a size extended
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-header record for each file with a size value greater than
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+ The size of the file in octets, expressed as a decimal number
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+using digits from the ISO/IEC 646:1991 standard. This record shall
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+override the size field in the following header block(s). When
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+used in write or copy mode, pax shall include a size extended
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+header record for each file with a size value greater than
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8589934591 (octal 77777777777).
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uid
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- The user ID of the file owner, expressed as a decimal number
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-using digits from the ISO/IEC 646:1991 standard. This record shall
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-override the uid field in the following header block(s). When used
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-in write or copy mode, pax shall include a uid extended header
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-record for each file whose owner ID is greater than 2097151 (octal
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+ The user ID of the file owner, expressed as a decimal number
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+using digits from the ISO/IEC 646:1991 standard. This record shall
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+override the uid field in the following header block(s). When used
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+in write or copy mode, pax shall include a uid extended header
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+record for each file whose owner ID is greater than 2097151 (octal
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7777777).
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uname
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- The owner of the following file(s), formatted as a user name
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-in the user database. This record shall override the uid and uname
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-fields in the following header block(s), and any uid extended
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-header record. When used in read, copy, or list mode, pax shall
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-translate the name from the UTF-8 encoding in the header record to
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-the character set appropriate for the user database on the
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-receiving system. If any of the UTF-8 characters cannot be
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-translated, and if the -o invalid= UTF-8 option is not specified,
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-the results are implementation-defined. When used in write or copy
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-mode, pax shall include a uname extended header record for each
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-file whose user name cannot be represented entirely with the
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+ The owner of the following file(s), formatted as a user name
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+in the user database. This record shall override the uid and uname
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+fields in the following header block(s), and any uid extended
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+header record. When used in read, copy, or list mode, pax shall
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+translate the name from the UTF-8 encoding in the header record to
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+the character set appropriate for the user database on the
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+receiving system. If any of the UTF-8 characters cannot be
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+translated, and if the -o invalid= UTF-8 option is not specified,
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+the results are implementation-defined. When used in write or copy
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+mode, pax shall include a uname extended header record for each
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+file whose user name cannot be represented entirely with the
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letters and digits of the portable character set.
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-If the <value> field is zero length, it shall delete any header
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-block field, previously entered extended header value, or global
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+If the <value> field is zero length, it shall delete any header
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+block field, previously entered extended header value, or global
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extended header value of the same name.
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-If a keyword in an extended header record (or in a -o
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-option-argument) overrides or deletes a corresponding field in the
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-ustar header block, pax shall ignore the contents of that header
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+If a keyword in an extended header record (or in a -o
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+option-argument) overrides or deletes a corresponding field in the
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+ustar header block, pax shall ignore the contents of that header
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block field.
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-Unlike the ustar header block fields, NULs shall not delimit
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-<value>s; all characters within the <value> field shall be
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-considered data for the field. None of the length limitations of
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-the ustar header block fields in ustar Header Block shall apply to
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+Unlike the ustar header block fields, NULs shall not delimit
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+<value>s; all characters within the <value> field shall be
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+considered data for the field. None of the length limitations of
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+the ustar header block fields in ustar Header Block shall apply to
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the extended header records.
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pax Extended Header File Times
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-Time records shall be formatted as a decimal representation of the
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-time in seconds since the Epoch. If a period ( '.' ) decimal point
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-character is present, the digits to the right of the point shall
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-represent the units of a subsecond timing granularity. In read or
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-copy mode, the pax utility shall truncate the time of a file to
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-the greatest value that is not greater than the input header
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-file time. In write or copy mode, the pax utility shall output a
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-time exactly if it can be represented exactly as a decimal number,
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-and otherwise shall generate only enough digits so that the same
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-time shall be recovered if the file is extracted on a system whose
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+Time records shall be formatted as a decimal representation of the
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+time in seconds since the Epoch. If a period ( '.' ) decimal point
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+character is present, the digits to the right of the point shall
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+represent the units of a subsecond timing granularity. In read or
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+copy mode, the pax utility shall truncate the time of a file to
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+the greatest value that is not greater than the input header
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+file time. In write or copy mode, the pax utility shall output a
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+time exactly if it can be represented exactly as a decimal number,
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+and otherwise shall generate only enough digits so that the same
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+time shall be recovered if the file is extracted on a system whose
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underlying implementation supports the same time granularity.
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Example from Linux kernel archive tarball:
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Denis Vlasenko