curl/docs/HISTORY.md

How curl Became Like This

Towards the end of 1996, Daniel Stenberg was spending time writing an IRC bot for an Amiga related channel on EFnet. He then came up with the idea to make currency-exchange calculations available to Internet Relay Chat (IRC) users. All the necessary data were published on the Web; he just needed to automate their retrieval.

1996

On November 11, 1996 the Brazilian developer Rafael Sagula wrote and released HttpGet version 0.1.

Daniel extended this existing command-line open-source tool. After a few minor adjustments, it did just what he needed. The first release with Daniel's additions was 0.2, released on December 17, 1996. Daniel quickly became the new maintainer of the project.

1997

HttpGet 0.3 was released in January 1997 and now it accepted HTTP URLs on the command line.

HttpGet 1.0 was released on April 8 1997 with brand new HTTP proxy support.

We soon found and fixed support for getting currencies over GOPHER. Once FTP download support was added, the name of the project was changed and urlget 2.0 was released in August 1997. The http-only days were already passed.

Version 2.2 was released on August 14 1997 and introduced support to build for and run on Windows and Solaris.

November 24 1997: Version 3.1 added FTP upload support.

Version 3.5 added support for HTTP POST.

1998

February 4: urlget 3.10

February 9: urlget 3.11

March 14: urlget 3.12 added proxy authentication.

The project slowly grew bigger. With upload capabilities, the name was once again misleading and a second name change was made. On March 20, 1998 curl 4 was released. (The version numbering from the previous names was kept.)

(Unrelated to this project a company called Curl Corporation registered a US trademark on the name "CURL" on May 18 1998. That company had then already registered the curl.com domain back in November of the previous year. All this was revealed to us much later.)

SSL support was added, powered by the SSLeay library.

August: first announcement of curl on freshmeat.net.

October: with the curl 4.9 release and the introduction of cookie support, curl was no longer released under the GPL license. Now we are at 4000 lines of code, we switched over to the MPL license to restrict the effects of "copyleft".

November: configure script and reported successful compiles on several major operating systems. The never-quite-understood -F option was added and curl could now simulate quite a lot of a browser. TELNET support was added.

Curl 5 was released in December 1998 and introduced the first ever curl man page. People started making Linux RPM packages out of it.

1999

January: DICT support added.

OpenSSL took over and SSLeay was abandoned.

May: first Debian package.

August: LDAP:// and FILE:// support added. The curl website gets 1300 visits weekly. Moved site to curl.haxx.nu.

September: Released curl 6.0. 15000 lines of code.

December 28: added the project on Sourceforge and started using its services for managing the project.

2000

Spring: major internal overhaul to provide a suitable library interface. The first non-beta release was named 7.1 and arrived in August. This offered the easy interface and turned out to be the beginning of actually getting other software and programs to be based on and powered by libcurl. Almost 20000 lines of code.

June: the curl site moves to "curl.haxx.se"

August, the curl website gets 4000 visits weekly.

The PHP guys adopted libcurl already the same month, when the first ever third party libcurl binding showed up. CURL has been a supported module in PHP since the release of PHP 4.0.2. This would soon get followers. More than 16 different bindings exist at the time of this writing.

September: kerberos4 support was added.

November: started the work on a test suite for curl. It was later re-written from scratch again. The libcurl major SONAME number was set to 1.

2001

January: Daniel released curl 7.5.2 under a new license again: MIT (or MPL). The MIT license is extremely liberal and can be combined with GPL in other projects. This would finally put an end to the "complaints" from people involved in GPLed projects that previously were prohibited from using libcurl while it was released under MPL only. (Due to the fact that MPL is deemed "GPL incompatible".)

March 22: curl supports HTTP 1.1 starting with the release of 7.7. This also introduced libcurl's ability to do persistent connections. 24000 lines of code. The libcurl major SONAME number was bumped to 2 due to this overhaul. The first experimental ftps:// support was added.

August: The curl website gets 8000 visits weekly. Curl Corporation contacted Daniel to discuss "the name issue". After Daniel's reply, they have never since got back in touch again.

September: libcurl 7.9 introduces cookie jar and curl_formadd(). During the forthcoming 7.9.x releases, we introduced the multi interface slowly and without many whistles.

September 25: curl (7.7.2) is bundled in Mac OS X (10.1) for the first time. It was already becoming more and more of a standard utility of Linux distributions and a regular in the BSD ports collections.

2002

June: the curl website gets 13000 visits weekly. curl and libcurl is 35000 lines of code. Reported successful compiles on more than 40 combinations of CPUs and operating systems.

To estimate the number of users of the curl tool or libcurl library is next to impossible. Around 5000 downloaded packages each week from the main site gives a hint, but the packages are mirrored extensively, bundled with numerous OS distributions and otherwise retrieved as part of other software.

October 1: with the release of curl 7.10 it is released under the MIT license only.

Starting with 7.10, curl verifies SSL server certificates by default.

2003

January: Started working on the distributed curl tests. The autobuilds.

February: the curl site averages at 20000 visits weekly. At any given moment, there is an average of 3 people browsing the website.

Multiple new authentication schemes are supported: Digest (May), NTLM (June) and Negotiate (June).

November: curl 7.10.8 is released. 45000 lines of code. ~55000 unique visitors to the website. Five official web mirrors.

December: full-fledged SSL for FTP is supported.

2004

January: curl 7.11.0 introduced large file support.

June: curl 7.12.0 introduced IDN support. 10 official web mirrors.

This release bumped the major SONAME to 3 due to the removal of the curl_formparse() function

August: Curl and libcurl 7.12.1

Public curl release number:                82
Releases counted from the beginning:      109
Available command line options:            96
Available curl_easy_setopt() options:     120
Number of public functions in libcurl:     36
Amount of public website mirrors:          12
Number of known libcurl bindings:          26

2005

April: GnuTLS can now optionally be used for the secure layer when curl is built.

April: Added the multi_socket() API

September: TFTP support was added.

More than 100,000 unique visitors of the curl website. 25 mirrors.

December: security vulnerability: libcurl URL Buffer Overflow

2006

January: We dropped support for Gopher. We found bugs in the implementation that turned out to have been introduced years ago, so with the conclusion that nobody had found out in all this time we removed it instead of fixing it.

March: security vulnerability: libcurl TFTP Packet Buffer Overflow

September: The major SONAME number for libcurl was bumped to 4 due to the removal of ftp third party transfer support.

November: Added SCP and SFTP support

2007

February: Added support for the Mozilla NSS library to do the SSL/TLS stuff

July: security vulnerability: libcurl GnuTLS insufficient cert verification

2008

November:

Command line options:         128
curl_easy_setopt() options:   158
Public functions in libcurl:   58
Known libcurl bindings:        37
Contributors:                 683

145,000 unique visitors. >100 GB downloaded.

2009

March: security vulnerability: libcurl Arbitrary File Access

April: added CMake support

August: security vulnerability: libcurl embedded zero in cert name

December: Added support for IMAP, POP3 and SMTP

2010

January: Added support for RTSP

February: security vulnerability: libcurl data callback excessive length

March: The project switched over to use git (hosted by GitHub) instead of CVS for source code control

May: Added support for RTMP

Added support for PolarSSL to do the SSL/TLS stuff

August:

Public curl releases:         117
Command line options:         138
curl_easy_setopt() options:   180
Public functions in libcurl:   58
Known libcurl bindings:        39
Contributors:                 808

Gopher support added (re-added actually, see January 2006)

2011

February: added support for the axTLS backend

April: added the cyassl backend (later renamed to wolfSSL)

2012

July: Added support for Schannel (native Windows TLS backend) and Darwin SSL (Native Mac OS X and iOS TLS backend).

Supports Metalink

October: SSH-agent support.

2013

February: Cleaned up internals to always uses the "multi" non-blocking approach internally and only expose the blocking API with a wrapper.

September: First small steps on supporting HTTP/2 with nghttp2.

October: Removed krb4 support.

December: Happy eyeballs.

2014

March: first real release supporting HTTP/2

September: Website had 245,000 unique visitors and served 236GB data

SMB and SMBS support

2015

June: support for multiplexing with HTTP/2

August: support for HTTP/2 server push

December: Public Suffix List

2016

January: the curl tool defaults to HTTP/2 for HTTPS URLs

December: curl 7.52.0 introduced support for HTTPS-proxy

First TLS 1.3 support

2017

July: OSS-Fuzz started fuzzing libcurl

September: Added MultiSSL support

The website serves 3100 GB/month

Public curl releases:         169
Command line options:         211
curl_easy_setopt() options:   249
Public functions in libcurl:  74
Contributors:                 1609

October: SSLKEYLOGFILE support, new MIME API

October: Daniel received the Polhem Prize for his work on curl

November: brotli

2018

January: new SSH backend powered by libssh

March: starting with the 1803 release of Windows 10, curl is shipped bundled with Microsoft's operating system.

July: curl shows headers using bold type face

October: added DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) and the URL API

MesaLink is a new supported TLS backend

libcurl now does HTTP/2 (and multiplexing) by default on HTTPS URLs

curl and libcurl are installed in an estimated 5 billion instances world-wide.

October 31: Curl and libcurl 7.62.0

Public curl releases:         177
Command line options:         219
curl_easy_setopt() options:   261
Public functions in libcurl:  80
Contributors:                 1808

December: removed axTLS support

2019

March: added experimental alt-svc support

August: the first HTTP/3 requests with curl.

September: 7.66.0 is released and the tool offers parallel downloads

2020

curl and libcurl are installed in an estimated 10 billion instances world-wide.

January: added BearSSL support

March: removed support for PolarSSL, added wolfSSH support

April: experimental MQTT support

August: zstd support

November: the website moves to curl.se. The website serves 10TB data monthly.

December: alt-svc support

2021

February 3: curl 7.75.0 ships with support for Hyper as an HTTP backend

March 31: curl 7.76.0 ships with support for Rustls

July: HSTS is supported

2022

March: added --json, removed mesalink support

Public curl releases:         206
Command line options:         245
curl_easy_setopt() options:   295
Public functions in libcurl:  86
Contributors:                 2601

The curl.se website serves 16,500 GB/month over 462M requests, the official docker image has been pulled 4,098,015,431 times.

October: initial WebSocket support

2023

March: remove support for curl_off_t < 8 bytes

March 31: we started working on a new command line tool for URL parsing and manipulations: trurl.

May: added support for HTTP/2 over HTTPS proxy. Refuse to resolve .onion.

August: Dropped support for the NSS library

September: added "variable" support in the command line tool. Dropped support for the gskit TLS library.

October: added support for IPFS via HTTP gateway

December: HTTP/3 support with ngtcp2 is no longer experimental

2024

January: switched to "curldown" for all documentation

April 24: the curl container has been pulled more than six billion times

May: experimental support for ECH

August 9: we adopted the wcurl tool into the curl organization