gnunet/src/testbed/testbed_api_hosts.c

/*
      This file is part of GNUnet
      Copyright (C) 2008--2013 GNUnet e.V.

      GNUnet is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
      under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
      by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
      or (at your option) any later version.

      GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
      WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
      Affero General Public License for more details.
     
      You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
      along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

     SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL3.0-or-later
 */

/**
 * @file testbed/testbed_api_hosts.c
 * @brief API for manipulating 'hosts' controlled by the GNUnet testing service;
 *        allows parsing hosts files, starting, stopping and communicating (via
 *        SSH/stdin/stdout) with the remote (or local) processes
 * @author Christian Grothoff
 */
#include "platform.h"
#include "gnunet_util_lib.h"
#include "gnunet_testbed_service.h"
#include "gnunet_core_service.h"
#include "gnunet_transport_service.h"

#include "testbed_api.h"
#include "testbed_api_hosts.h"
#include "testbed_helper.h"
#include "testbed_api_operations.h"

#include <zlib.h>
#include <regex.h>

/**
 * Generic logging shorthand
 */
#define LOG(kind, ...)                          \
  GNUNET_log_from (kind, "testbed-api-hosts", __VA_ARGS__);

/**
 * Debug logging shorthand
 */
#define LOG_DEBUG(...)                          \
  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, __VA_ARGS__);

/**
 * Prints API violation message
 */
#define API_VIOLATION(cond,errstr)              \
  do {                                          \
    if (cond)                                   \
      break;                                    \
    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "API violation detected: %s\n", errstr); \
    GNUNET_assert (0);                                                  \
  } while (0)

/**
 * Log an error message at log-level 'level' that indicates a failure of the
 * command 'cmd' with the message given by gai_strerror(rc).
 */
#define LOG_GAI(level, cmd, rc) do { LOG(level, _("`%s' failed at %s:%d with error: %s\n"), cmd, __FILE__, __LINE__, gai_strerror(rc)); } while(0)

/**
 * Number of extra elements we create space for when we grow host list
 */
#define HOST_LIST_GROW_STEP 10


/**
 * A list entry for registered controllers list
 */
struct RegisteredController
{
  /**
   * The controller at which this host is registered
   */
  const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Controller *controller;

  /**
   * The next ptr for DLL
   */
  struct RegisteredController *next;

  /**
   * The prev ptr for DLL
   */
  struct RegisteredController *prev;
};


/**
 * Opaque handle to a host running experiments managed by the testing framework.
 * The master process must be able to SSH to this host without password (via
 * ssh-agent).
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host
{

  /**
   * The hostname of the host; NULL for localhost
   */
  const char *hostname;

  /**
   * The username to be used for SSH login
   */
  const char *username;

  /**
   * the configuration to use as a template while starting a controller on this
   * host.  Operation queue size specific to a host are also read from this
   * configuration handle.  After starting the controller, it points to the actual
   * configuration with which the controller is running
   */
  struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg;

  /**
   * The head for the list of controllers where this host is registered
   */
  struct RegisteredController *rc_head;

  /**
   * The tail for the list of controllers where this host is registered
   */
  struct RegisteredController *rc_tail;

  /**
   * Operation queue for simultaneous overlay connect operations target at this
   * host
   */
  struct OperationQueue *opq_parallel_overlay_connect_operations;

  /**
   * Is a controller started on this host? FIXME: Is this needed?
   */
  int controller_started;

  /**
   * Is this host locked by GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_start()?
   */
  int locked;

  /**
   * Global ID we use to refer to a host on the network
   */
  uint32_t id;

  /**
   * The port which is to be used for SSH
   */
  uint16_t port;

};


/**
 * Array of available hosts
 */
static struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host **host_list;

/**
 * The size of the available hosts list
 */
static unsigned int host_list_size;


/**
 * Lookup a host by ID.
 *
 * @param id global host ID assigned to the host; 0 is
 *        reserved to always mean 'localhost'
 * @return handle to the host, NULL if host not found
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_lookup_by_id_ (uint32_t id)
{
  if (host_list_size <= id)
    return NULL;
  return host_list[id];
}


/**
 * Create a host by ID; given this host handle, we could not
 * run peers at the host, but we can talk about the host
 * internally.
 *
 * @param id global host ID assigned to the host; 0 is
 *        reserved to always mean 'localhost'
 * @param cfg the configuration to use as a template while starting a controller
 *          on this host.  Operation queue sizes specific to a host are also
 *          read from this configuration handle
 * @return handle to the host, NULL on error
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create_by_id_ (uint32_t id,
                                   const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg)
{
  return GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create_with_id (id, NULL, NULL, cfg, 0);
}


/**
 * Obtain the host's unique global ID.
 *
 * @param host handle to the host, NULL means 'localhost'
 * @return id global host ID assigned to the host (0 is
 *         'localhost', but then obviously not globally unique)
 */
uint32_t
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_id_ (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host * host)
{
  return host->id;
}


/**
 * Obtain the host's hostname.
 *
 * @param host handle to the host, NULL means 'localhost'
 * @return hostname of the host
 */
const char *
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_hostname (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host)
{
  return host->hostname;
}


/**
 * Obtain the host's username
 *
 * @param host handle to the host, NULL means 'localhost'
 * @return username to login to the host
 */
const char *
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_username_ (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host)
{
  return host->username;
}


/**
 * Obtain the host's ssh port
 *
 * @param host handle to the host, NULL means 'localhost'
 * @return username to login to the host
 */
uint16_t
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_ssh_port_ (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host * host)
{
  return host->port;
}


/**
 * Check whether a controller is already started on the given host
 *
 * @param host the handle to the host
 * @return GNUNET_YES if the controller is already started; GNUNET_NO if not
 */
int
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_controller_started (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host)
{
  return host->controller_started;
}


/**
 * Obtain the host's configuration template
 *
 * @param host handle to the host
 * @return the host's configuration template
 */
const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_cfg_ (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host)
{
  return host->cfg;
}


/**
 * Function to replace host's configuration
 *
 * @param host the host handle
 * @param new_cfg the new configuration to replace the old one
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_replace_cfg_ (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host,
                                  const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *new_cfg)
{
  GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_destroy (host->cfg);
  host->cfg = GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_dup (new_cfg);
}


/**
 * Create a host to run peers and controllers on.
 *
 * @param id global host ID assigned to the host; 0 is
 *        reserved to always mean 'localhost'
 * @param hostname name of the host, use "NULL" for localhost
 * @param username username to use for the login; may be NULL
 * @param cfg the configuration to use as a template while starting a controller
 *          on this host.  Operation queue sizes specific to a host are also
 *          read from this configuration handle
 * @param port port number to use for ssh; use 0 to let ssh decide
 * @return handle to the host, NULL on error
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create_with_id (uint32_t id, const char *hostname,
                                    const char *username,
                                    const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle
                                    *cfg,
                                    uint16_t port)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host;
  unsigned int new_size;

  if ((id < host_list_size) && (NULL != host_list[id]))
  {
    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Host with id: %u already created\n", id);
    return NULL;
  }
  host = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host);
  host->hostname = (NULL != hostname) ? GNUNET_strdup (hostname) : NULL;
  host->username = (NULL != username) ? GNUNET_strdup (username) : NULL;
  host->id = id;
  host->port = (0 == port) ? 22 : port;
  host->cfg = GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_dup (cfg);
  host->opq_parallel_overlay_connect_operations =
      GNUNET_TESTBED_operation_queue_create_ (OPERATION_QUEUE_TYPE_ADAPTIVE,
                                              UINT_MAX);
  new_size = host_list_size;
  while (id >= new_size)
    new_size += HOST_LIST_GROW_STEP;
  if (new_size != host_list_size)
    GNUNET_array_grow (host_list, host_list_size, new_size);
  GNUNET_assert (id < host_list_size);
  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Adding host with id: %u\n", host->id);
  host_list[id] = host;
  return host;
}


/**
 * Create a host to run peers and controllers on.
 *
 * @param hostname name of the host, use "NULL" for localhost
 * @param username username to use for the login; may be NULL
 * @param cfg the configuration to use as a template while starting a controller
 *          on this host.  Operation queue sizes specific to a host are also
 *          read from this configuration handle
 * @param port port number to use for ssh; use 0 to let ssh decide
 * @return handle to the host, NULL on error
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create (const char *hostname, const char *username,
                            const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                            uint16_t port)
{
  static uint32_t uid_generator;

  if (NULL == hostname)
    return GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create_with_id (0, hostname, username,
                                               cfg, port);
  return GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create_with_id (++uid_generator, hostname,
                                             username, cfg, port);
}


/**
 * Load a set of hosts from a configuration file.
 *
 * @param filename file with the host specification
 * @param cfg the configuration to use as a template while starting a controller
 *          on any of the loaded hosts.  Operation queue sizes specific to a host
 *          are also read from this configuration handle
 * @param hosts set to the hosts found in the file; caller must free this if
 *          number of hosts returned is greater than 0
 * @return number of hosts returned in 'hosts', 0 on error
 */
unsigned int
GNUNET_TESTBED_hosts_load_from_file (const char *filename,
                                     const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle
                                     *cfg,
                                     struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host ***hosts)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *starting_host;
  char *data;
  char *buf;
  char *username;
  char *hostname;
  regex_t rex;
  regmatch_t pmatch[6];
  uint64_t fs;
  short int port;
  unsigned int offset;
  unsigned int count;


  GNUNET_assert (NULL != filename);
  if (GNUNET_YES != GNUNET_DISK_file_test (filename))
  {
    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _("Hosts file %s not found\n"), filename);
    return 0;
  }
  if (GNUNET_OK !=
      GNUNET_DISK_file_size (filename, &fs, GNUNET_YES, GNUNET_YES))
    fs = 0;
  if (0 == fs)
  {
    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _("Hosts file %s has no data\n"), filename);
    return 0;
  }
  data = GNUNET_malloc (fs);
  if (fs != GNUNET_DISK_fn_read (filename, data, fs))
  {
    GNUNET_free (data);
    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _("Hosts file %s cannot be read\n"),
         filename);
    return 0;
  }
  buf = data;
  offset = 0;
  starting_host = NULL;
  count = 0;
  /* refer RFC 952 and RFC 1123 for valid hostnames */
  GNUNET_assert (0 == regcomp (&rex,
                               "^(([[:alnum:]]+)@)?" /* username */
                               "([[:alnum:]]+[-[:alnum:]_\\.]+)" /* hostname */
                               "(:([[:digit:]]{1,5}))?", /* port */
                               REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE));
  while (offset < (fs - 1))
  {
    offset++;
    if (((data[offset] == '\n')) && (buf != &data[offset]))
    {
      unsigned int size;

      data[offset] = '\0';
      username = NULL;
      hostname = NULL;
      port = 0;
      if ((REG_NOMATCH == regexec (&rex, buf, 6, pmatch, 0))
          || (-1 == pmatch[3].rm_so))
      {
        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    "Error reading line `%s' in hostfile\n", buf);
        buf = &data[offset + 1];
        continue;
      }
      if (-1 != pmatch[2].rm_so)
      {
        size = pmatch[2].rm_eo - pmatch[2].rm_so;
        username = GNUNET_malloc (size + 1);
        username[size] = '\0';
        GNUNET_assert (NULL != strncpy (username, buf + pmatch[2].rm_so, size));
      }
      if (-1 != pmatch[5].rm_so)
      {
        (void) SSCANF (buf + pmatch[5].rm_so, "%5hd", &port);
      }
      size = pmatch[3].rm_eo - pmatch[3].rm_so;
      hostname = GNUNET_malloc (size + 1);
      hostname[size] = '\0';
      GNUNET_assert (NULL != strncpy (hostname, buf + pmatch[3].rm_so, size));
      LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
           "Successfully read host %s, port %d and user %s from file\n",
           (NULL == hostname) ? "NULL" : hostname,
           port,
           (NULL == username) ? "NULL" : username);
      /* We store hosts in a static list; hence we only require the starting
       * host pointer in that list to access the newly created list of hosts */
      if (NULL == starting_host)
        starting_host = GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create (hostname, username, cfg,
                                                    port);
      else
        (void) GNUNET_TESTBED_host_create (hostname, username, cfg, port);
      count++;
      GNUNET_free_non_null (username);
      GNUNET_free (hostname);
      buf = &data[offset + 1];
    }
    else if ((data[offset] == '\n') || (data[offset] == '\0'))
      buf = &data[offset + 1];
  }
  regfree (&rex);
  GNUNET_free (data);
  if (NULL == starting_host)
    return 0;
  *hosts = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *) * count);
  GNUNET_memcpy (*hosts,
                 &host_list[GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_id_ (starting_host)],
                 sizeof (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *) * count);
  return count;
}


/**
 * Resolves a hostname using getaddrinfo
 *
 * @param host the hostname
 * @return the string representing the IPv4 address of the given host; NULL upon error
 */
const char *
simple_resolve (const char *host)
{
  struct addrinfo *res;
  const struct sockaddr_in *in_addr;
  char *hostip;
  struct addrinfo hint;
  unsigned int rc;

  hint.ai_family = AF_INET;	/* IPv4 */
  hint.ai_socktype = 0;
  hint.ai_protocol = 0;
  hint.ai_addrlen = 0;
  hint.ai_addr = NULL;
  hint.ai_canonname = NULL;
  hint.ai_next = NULL;
  hint.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV;
  res = NULL;
  LOG_DEBUG ("Resolving [%s]\n", host);
  if (0 != (rc = getaddrinfo (host, "22", &hint, &res)))
  {
    LOG_GAI (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "getaddrinfo", rc);
    return NULL;
  }
  GNUNET_assert (NULL != res);
  GNUNET_assert (NULL != res->ai_addr);
  GNUNET_assert (sizeof (struct sockaddr_in) == res->ai_addrlen);
  in_addr = (const struct sockaddr_in *) res->ai_addr;
  hostip = inet_ntoa (in_addr->sin_addr);
  GNUNET_assert (NULL != hostip);
  freeaddrinfo (res);
  LOG_DEBUG ("Resolved [%s] to [%s]\n", host, hostip);
  return hostip;
}


/**
 * Loads the set of host allocated by the LoadLeveler Job Scheduler.  This
 * function is only available when compiled with support for LoadLeveler and is
 * used for running on the SuperMUC
 *
 * @param cfg the configuration to use as a template while starting a controller
 *          on any of the loaded hosts.  Operation queue sizes specific to a host
 *          are also read from this configuration handle
 * @param hosts set to the hosts found in the file; caller must free this if
 *          number of hosts returned is greater than 0
 * @return number of hosts returned in 'hosts', 0 on error
 */
unsigned int
GNUNET_TESTBED_hosts_load_from_loadleveler (const struct
                                            GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                                            struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host ***hosts)
{
#if !ENABLE_SUPERMUC
  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
       _("The function %s is only available when compiled with (--with-ll)\n"),
       __func__);
  GNUNET_assert (0);
#else
  const char *hostfile;

  if (NULL == (hostfile = getenv ("MP_SAVEHOSTFILE")))
  {
    GNUNET_break (0);
    return 0;
  }
  return GNUNET_TESTBED_hosts_load_from_file (hostfile, cfg, hosts);
#endif
}


/**
 * Destroy a host handle.  Must only be called once everything
 * running on that host has been stopped.
 *
 * @param host handle to destroy
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_destroy (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host)
{
  struct RegisteredController *rc;
  uint32_t id;

  GNUNET_assert (host->id < host_list_size);
  GNUNET_assert (host_list[host->id] == host);
  host_list[host->id] = NULL;
  /* clear registered controllers list */
  for (rc = host->rc_head; NULL != rc; rc = host->rc_head)
  {
    GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (host->rc_head, host->rc_tail, rc);
    GNUNET_free (rc);
  }
  GNUNET_free_non_null ((char *) host->username);
  GNUNET_free_non_null ((char *) host->hostname);
  GNUNET_TESTBED_operation_queue_destroy_
      (host->opq_parallel_overlay_connect_operations);
  GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_destroy (host->cfg);
  GNUNET_free (host);
  while (host_list_size >= HOST_LIST_GROW_STEP)
  {
    for (id = host_list_size - 1; id > host_list_size - HOST_LIST_GROW_STEP;
         id--)
      if (NULL != host_list[id])
        break;
    if (id != host_list_size - HOST_LIST_GROW_STEP)
      break;
    if (NULL != host_list[id])
      break;
    host_list_size -= HOST_LIST_GROW_STEP;
  }
  host_list =
      GNUNET_realloc (host_list,
                      sizeof (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *) * host_list_size);
}


/**
 * Marks a host as registered with a controller
 *
 * @param host the host to mark
 * @param controller the controller at which this host is registered
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_mark_host_registered_at_ (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host,
                                         const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Controller
                                         *const controller)
{
  struct RegisteredController *rc;

  for (rc = host->rc_head; NULL != rc; rc = rc->next)
  {
    if (controller == rc->controller)   /* already registered at controller */
    {
      GNUNET_break (0);
      return;
    }
  }
  rc = GNUNET_new (struct RegisteredController);
  rc->controller = controller;
  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert_tail (host->rc_head, host->rc_tail, rc);
}


/**
 * Unmarks a host registered at a controller
 *
 * @param host the host to unmark
 * @param controller the controller at which this host has to be unmarked
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_deregister_host_at_ (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host,
                                    const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Controller
                                    *const controller)
{
  struct RegisteredController *rc;

  for (rc = host->rc_head; NULL != rc; rc=rc->next)
    if (controller == rc->controller)
      break;
  if (NULL == rc)
  {
    GNUNET_break (0);
    return;
  }
  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (host->rc_head, host->rc_tail, rc);
  GNUNET_free (rc);
}


/**
 * Checks whether a host has been registered
 *
 * @param host the host to check
 * @param controller the controller at which host's registration is checked
 * @return GNUNET_YES if registered; GNUNET_NO if not
 */
int
GNUNET_TESTBED_is_host_registered_ (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host,
                                    const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Controller
                                    *const controller)
{
  struct RegisteredController *rc;

  for (rc = host->rc_head; NULL != rc; rc = rc->next)
  {
    if (controller == rc->controller)   /* already registered at controller */
    {
      return GNUNET_YES;
    }
  }
  return GNUNET_NO;
}


/**
 * Handle for controller process
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc
{
  /**
   * The process handle
   */
  struct GNUNET_HELPER_Handle *helper;

  /**
   * The arguments used to start the helper
   */
  char **helper_argv;

  /**
   * The host where the helper is run
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host;

  /**
   * The controller error callback
   */
  GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerStatusCallback cb;

  /**
   * The closure for the above callback
   */
  void *cls;

  /**
   * The send handle for the helper
   */
  struct GNUNET_HELPER_SendHandle *shandle;

  /**
   * The message corresponding to send handle
   */
  struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *msg;

};


/**
 * Function to copy NULL terminated list of arguments
 *
 * @param argv the NULL terminated list of arguments. Cannot be NULL.
 * @return the copied NULL terminated arguments
 */
static char **
copy_argv (const char *const *argv)
{
  char **argv_dup;
  unsigned int argp;

  GNUNET_assert (NULL != argv);
  for (argp = 0; NULL != argv[argp]; argp++) ;
  argv_dup = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (char *) * (argp + 1));
  for (argp = 0; NULL != argv[argp]; argp++)
    argv_dup[argp] = GNUNET_strdup (argv[argp]);
  return argv_dup;
}


/**
 * Function to join NULL terminated list of arguments
 *
 * @param argv1 the NULL terminated list of arguments. Cannot be NULL.
 * @param argv2 the NULL terminated list of arguments. Cannot be NULL.
 * @return the joined NULL terminated arguments
 */
static char **
join_argv (const char *const *argv1, const char *const *argv2)
{
  char **argvj;
  char *argv;
  unsigned int carg;
  unsigned int cnt;

  carg = 0;
  argvj = NULL;
  for (cnt = 0; NULL != argv1[cnt]; cnt++)
  {
    argv = GNUNET_strdup (argv1[cnt]);
    GNUNET_array_append (argvj, carg, argv);
  }
  for (cnt = 0; NULL != argv2[cnt]; cnt++)
  {
    argv = GNUNET_strdup (argv2[cnt]);
    GNUNET_array_append (argvj, carg, argv);
  }
  GNUNET_array_append (argvj, carg, NULL);
  return argvj;
}


/**
 * Frees the given NULL terminated arguments
 *
 * @param argv the NULL terminated list of arguments
 */
static void
free_argv (char **argv)
{
  unsigned int argp;

  for (argp = 0; NULL != argv[argp]; argp++)
    GNUNET_free (argv[argp]);
  GNUNET_free (argv);
}


/**
 * Generates arguments for opening a remote shell. Builds up the arguments
 * from the environment variable GNUNET_TESTBED_RSH_CMD. The variable
 * should not mention `-p' (port) option and destination address as these will
 * be set locally in the function from its parameteres. If the environmental
 * variable is not found then it defaults to `ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o
 * NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost=yes -o StrictHostkeyChecking=no -o
 * PasswordAuthentication=noc'
 *
 * @param port the destination port number
 * @param hostname the hostname of the target host
 * @param username the username to use while connecting to target host
 * @return NULL terminated list of arguments
 */
static char **
gen_rsh_args (const char *port, const char *hostname, const char *username)
{
  static const char *default_ssh_args[] = {
    "ssh",
    "-o",
    "BatchMode=yes",
    "-o",
    "NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost=yes",
    "-o",
    "StrictHostKeyChecking=no",
    "-o",
    "PasswordAuthentication=no",
    "%h",
    NULL
  };
  char **ssh_args;
  char *ssh_cmd;
  char *ssh_cmd_cp;
  char *arg;
  const char *new_arg;
  unsigned int size;
  unsigned int cnt;

  ssh_args = NULL;
  if (NULL != (ssh_cmd = getenv ("GNUNET_TESTBED_RSH_CMD")))
  {
    ssh_cmd = GNUNET_strdup (ssh_cmd);
    ssh_cmd_cp = ssh_cmd;
    for (size = 0; NULL != (arg = strtok (ssh_cmd, " ")); ssh_cmd = NULL)
      GNUNET_array_append (ssh_args, size, GNUNET_strdup (arg));
    GNUNET_free (ssh_cmd_cp);
  }
  else
  {
    ssh_args = copy_argv (default_ssh_args);
    size = (sizeof (default_ssh_args)) / (sizeof (const char *));
    GNUNET_array_grow (ssh_args, size, size - 1);
  }
  for (cnt = 0; cnt < size; cnt++)
  {
    arg = ssh_args[cnt];
    if ('%' != arg[0])
      continue;
    switch (arg[1])
    {
    case 'p':
      new_arg = port;
      break;

    case 'u':
      new_arg = username;
      break;

    case 'h':
      new_arg = hostname;
      break;

    default:
      continue;
    }
    if (NULL == new_arg)
      continue;
    GNUNET_free (arg);
    ssh_args[cnt] = GNUNET_strdup (new_arg);
  }
  GNUNET_array_append (ssh_args, size, NULL);
  return ssh_args;
}


/**
 * Generates the arguments needed for executing the given binary in a remote
 * shell. Builds the arguments from the environmental variable
 * GNUNET_TETSBED_RSH_CMD_SUFFIX. If the environmental variable is not found,
 * only the given binary name will be present in the returned arguments
 *
 * @param append_args the arguments to append after generating the suffix
 *          arguments. Can be NULL; if not must be NULL terminated 'char *' array
 * @return NULL-terminated args
 */
static char **
gen_rsh_suffix_args (const char * const *append_args)
{
  char **rshell_args;
  char *rshell_cmd;
  char *rshell_cmd_cp;
  char *arg;
  unsigned int cnt;
  unsigned int append_cnt;

  rshell_args = NULL;
  cnt = 0;
  if (NULL != (rshell_cmd = getenv ("GNUNET_TESTBED_RSH_CMD_SUFFIX")))
  {
    rshell_cmd = GNUNET_strdup (rshell_cmd);
    rshell_cmd_cp = rshell_cmd;
    for (; NULL != (arg = strtok (rshell_cmd, " ")); rshell_cmd = NULL)
      GNUNET_array_append (rshell_args, cnt, GNUNET_strdup (arg));
    GNUNET_free (rshell_cmd_cp);
  }
  if (NULL != append_args)
  {
    for (append_cnt = 0; NULL != append_args[append_cnt]; append_cnt++)
      GNUNET_array_append (rshell_args, cnt, GNUNET_strdup (append_args[append_cnt]));
  }
  GNUNET_array_append (rshell_args, cnt, NULL);
  return rshell_args;
}


/**
 * Functions with this signature are called whenever a
 * complete message is received by the tokenizer.
 *
 * Do not call GNUNET_SERVER_mst_destroy in callback
 *
 * @param cls closure
 * @param client identification of the client
 * @param message the actual message
 *
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR to stop further processing
 */
static int
helper_mst (void *cls,
            const struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *message)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *cp = cls;
  const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HelperReply *msg;
  const char *hostname;
  char *config;
  uLongf config_size;
  uLongf xconfig_size;

  msg = (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HelperReply *) message;
  GNUNET_assert (sizeof (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HelperReply) <
                 ntohs (msg->header.size));
  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_MESSAGE_TYPE_TESTBED_HELPER_REPLY ==
                 ntohs (msg->header.type));
  config_size = (uLongf) ntohs (msg->config_size);
  xconfig_size =
      (uLongf) (ntohs (msg->header.size) -
                sizeof (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HelperReply));
  config = GNUNET_malloc (config_size);
  GNUNET_assert (Z_OK ==
                 uncompress ((Bytef *) config, &config_size,
                             (const Bytef *) &msg[1], xconfig_size));
  /* Replace the configuration template present in the host with the
     controller's running configuration */
  GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_destroy (cp->host->cfg);
  cp->host->cfg = GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_create ();
  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_deserialize
                 (cp->host->cfg,
		  config,
		  config_size,
		  NULL));
  GNUNET_free (config);
  if (NULL == (hostname = GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_hostname (cp->host)))
    hostname = "localhost";
  /* Change the hostname so that we can connect to it */
  GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (cp->host->cfg, "testbed", "hostname",
                                         hostname);
  cp->host->locked = GNUNET_NO;
  cp->host->controller_started = GNUNET_YES;
  cp->cb (cp->cls, cp->host->cfg, GNUNET_OK);
  return GNUNET_OK;
}


/**
 * Continuation function from GNUNET_HELPER_send()
 *
 * @param cls closure
 * @param result GNUNET_OK on success,
 *               GNUNET_NO if helper process died
 *               GNUNET_SYSERR during GNUNET_HELPER_stop
 */
static void
clear_msg (void *cls, int result)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *cp = cls;

  GNUNET_assert (NULL != cp->shandle);
  cp->shandle = NULL;
  GNUNET_free (cp->msg);
  cp->msg = NULL;
}


/**
 * Callback that will be called when the helper process dies. This is not called
 * when the helper process is stoped using GNUNET_HELPER_stop()
 *
 * @param cls the closure from GNUNET_HELPER_start()
 */
static void
helper_exp_cb (void *cls)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *cp = cls;
  GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerStatusCallback cb;
  void *cb_cls;

  cb = cp->cb;
  cb_cls = cp->cls;
  cp->helper = NULL;
  GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_stop (cp);
  if (NULL != cb)
    cb (cb_cls, NULL, GNUNET_SYSERR);
}


/**
 * Starts a controller process at the given host.  The given host's configuration
 * is used as a Template configuration to use for the remote controller; the
 * remote controller will be started with a slightly modified configuration
 * (port numbers, unix domain sockets and service home values are changed as per
 * TESTING library on the remote host).  The modified configuration replaces the
 * host's existing configuration before signalling success through the
 * GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerStatusCallback()
 *
 * @param trusted_ip the ip address of the controller which will be set as TRUSTED
 *          HOST(all connections form this ip are permitted by the testbed) when
 *          starting testbed controller at host. This can either be a single ip
 *          address or a network address in CIDR notation.
 * @param host the host where the controller has to be started.  CANNOT be NULL.
 * @param cb function called when the controller is successfully started or
 *          dies unexpectedly; GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_stop shouldn't be
 *          called if cb is called with GNUNET_SYSERR as status. Will never be
 *          called in the same task as 'GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_start'
 *          (synchronous errors will be signalled by returning NULL). This
 *          parameter cannot be NULL.
 * @param cls closure for above callbacks
 * @return the controller process handle, NULL on errors
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *
GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_start (const char *trusted_ip,
                                 struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host,
                                 GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerStatusCallback cb,
                                 void *cls)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *cp;
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HelperInit *msg;
  const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg;
  const char *hostname;
  static char *const binary_argv[] = {
    HELPER_TESTBED_BINARY, NULL
  };

  GNUNET_assert (NULL != host);
  GNUNET_assert (NULL != (cfg = GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_cfg_ (host)));
  hostname = NULL;
  API_VIOLATION (GNUNET_NO == host->locked,
                 "Host is already locked by a previous call to GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_start()");
  host->locked = GNUNET_YES;
  API_VIOLATION (GNUNET_NO == host->controller_started,
                 "Attempting to start a controller on a host which is already started a controller");
  cp = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc);
  if (0 == GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_id_ (host))
  {
    cp->helper =
        GNUNET_HELPER_start (GNUNET_YES, HELPER_TESTBED_BINARY, binary_argv,
                             &helper_mst, &helper_exp_cb, cp);
  }
  else
  {
    char *helper_binary_path_args[2];
    char **rsh_args;
    char **rsh_suffix_args;
    const char *username;
    char *port;
    char *argstr;
    char *aux;
    unsigned int cnt;

    username = host->username;
    hostname = host->hostname;
    GNUNET_asprintf (&port, "%u", host->port);
    LOG_DEBUG ("Starting remote connection to destination %s\n", hostname);
    if (GNUNET_OK !=
        GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_filename (cfg, "testbed",
                                               "HELPER_BINARY_PATH",
                                               &helper_binary_path_args[0]))
      helper_binary_path_args[0] =
          GNUNET_OS_get_libexec_binary_path (HELPER_TESTBED_BINARY);
    helper_binary_path_args[1] = NULL;
    rsh_args = gen_rsh_args (port, hostname, username);
    rsh_suffix_args = gen_rsh_suffix_args ((const char **) helper_binary_path_args);
    cp->helper_argv =
        join_argv ((const char **) rsh_args, (const char **) rsh_suffix_args);
    free_argv (rsh_args);
    free_argv (rsh_suffix_args);
    GNUNET_free (port);
    argstr = GNUNET_strdup ("");
    for (cnt = 0; NULL != cp->helper_argv[cnt]; cnt++)
    {
      aux = argstr;
      GNUNET_assert (0 < GNUNET_asprintf (&argstr, "%s %s", aux, cp->helper_argv[cnt]));
      GNUNET_free (aux);
    }
    LOG_DEBUG ("Helper cmd str: %s\n", argstr);
    GNUNET_free (argstr);
    cp->helper =
        GNUNET_HELPER_start (GNUNET_NO, cp->helper_argv[0], cp->helper_argv, &helper_mst,
                             &helper_exp_cb, cp);
    GNUNET_free (helper_binary_path_args[0]);
  }
  if (NULL == cp->helper)
  {
    if (NULL != cp->helper_argv)
      free_argv (cp->helper_argv);
    GNUNET_free (cp);
    return NULL;
  }
  cp->host = host;
  cp->cb = cb;
  cp->cls = cls;
  msg = GNUNET_TESTBED_create_helper_init_msg_ (trusted_ip, hostname, cfg);
  cp->msg = &msg->header;
  cp->shandle =
      GNUNET_HELPER_send (cp->helper, &msg->header, GNUNET_NO, &clear_msg, cp);
  if (NULL == cp->shandle)
  {
    GNUNET_free (msg);
    GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_stop (cp);
    return NULL;
  }
  return cp;
}


/**
 * Sends termination signal to the controller's helper process
 *
 * @param cproc the handle to the controller's helper process
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_kill_ (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *cproc)
{
  if (NULL != cproc->shandle)
    GNUNET_HELPER_send_cancel (cproc->shandle);
  if (NULL != cproc->helper)
    GNUNET_HELPER_kill (cproc->helper, GNUNET_YES);
}


/**
 * Cleans-up the controller's helper process handle
 *
 * @param cproc the handle to the controller's helper process
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_destroy_ (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *cproc)
{
  if (NULL != cproc->helper)
  {
    GNUNET_break (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_HELPER_wait (cproc->helper));
    GNUNET_HELPER_destroy (cproc->helper);
  }
  if (NULL != cproc->helper_argv)
    free_argv (cproc->helper_argv);
  cproc->host->controller_started = GNUNET_NO;
  cproc->host->locked = GNUNET_NO;
  GNUNET_free_non_null (cproc->msg);
  GNUNET_free (cproc);
}


/**
 * Stop the controller process (also will terminate all peers and controllers
 * dependent on this controller).  This function blocks until the testbed has
 * been fully terminated (!). The controller status cb from
 * GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_start() will not be called.
 *
 * @param cproc the controller process handle
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_stop (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_ControllerProc *cproc)
{
  GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_kill_ (cproc);
  GNUNET_TESTBED_controller_destroy_ (cproc);
}


/**
 * The handle for whether a host is habitable or not
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCheckHandle
{
  /**
   * The host to check
   */
  const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host;

  /**
   * The callback to call once we have the status
   */
  GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCallback cb;

  /**
   * The callback closure
   */
  void *cb_cls;

  /**
   * The process handle for the SSH process
   */
  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *auxp;

  /**
   * The arguments used to start the helper
   */
  char **helper_argv;

  /**
   * Task id for the habitability check task
   */
  struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task * habitability_check_task;

  /**
   * How long we wait before checking the process status. Should grow
   * exponentially
   */
  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative wait_time;

};


/**
 * Task for checking whether a host is habitable or not
 *
 * @param cls GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCheckHandle
 */
static void
habitability_check (void *cls)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCheckHandle *h = cls;
  void *cb_cls;
  GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCallback cb;
  const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host;
  unsigned long code;
  enum GNUNET_OS_ProcessStatusType type;
  int ret;

  h->habitability_check_task = NULL;
  ret = GNUNET_OS_process_status (h->auxp, &type, &code);
  if (GNUNET_SYSERR == ret)
  {
    GNUNET_break (0);
    ret = GNUNET_NO;
    goto call_cb;
  }
  if (GNUNET_NO == ret)
  {
    h->wait_time = GNUNET_TIME_STD_BACKOFF (h->wait_time);
    h->habitability_check_task =
        GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (h->wait_time, &habitability_check, h);
    return;
  }
  GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (h->auxp);
  h->auxp = NULL;
  ret = (0 != code) ? GNUNET_NO : GNUNET_YES;

call_cb:
  if (NULL != h->auxp)
    GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (h->auxp);
  cb = h->cb;
  cb_cls = h->cb_cls;
  host = h->host;
  free_argv (h->helper_argv);
  GNUNET_free (h);
  if (NULL != cb)
    cb (cb_cls, host, ret);
}


/**
 * Checks whether a host can be used to start testbed service
 *
 * @param host the host to check
 * @param config the configuration handle to lookup the path of the testbed
 *          helper
 * @param cb the callback to call to inform about habitability of the given host
 * @param cb_cls the closure for the callback
 * @return NULL upon any error or a handle which can be passed to
 *           GNUNET_TESTBED_is_host_habitable_cancel()
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCheckHandle *
GNUNET_TESTBED_is_host_habitable (const struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host,
                                  const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle
                                  *config,
                                  GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCallback cb,
                                  void *cb_cls)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCheckHandle *h;
  char **rsh_args;
  char **rsh_suffix_args;
  char *stat_args[3];
  const char *hostname;
  char *port;

  h = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCheckHandle);
  h->cb = cb;
  h->cb_cls = cb_cls;
  h->host = host;
  hostname = (NULL == host->hostname) ? "127.0.0.1" : host->hostname;
  if (GNUNET_OK !=
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_filename (config, "testbed",
                                             "HELPER_BINARY_PATH",
                                             &stat_args[1]))
    stat_args[1] =
        GNUNET_OS_get_libexec_binary_path (HELPER_TESTBED_BINARY);
  GNUNET_asprintf (&port, "%u", host->port);
  rsh_args = gen_rsh_args (port, hostname, host->username);
  GNUNET_free (port);
  port = NULL;
  stat_args[0] = "stat";
  stat_args[2] = NULL;
  rsh_suffix_args = gen_rsh_suffix_args ((const char **) stat_args);
  GNUNET_free (stat_args[1]);
  h->helper_argv = join_argv ((const char **) rsh_args,
                              (const char **) rsh_suffix_args);
  free_argv (rsh_suffix_args);
  free_argv (rsh_args);
  h->auxp =
      GNUNET_OS_start_process_vap (GNUNET_NO, GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ERR, NULL,
                                   NULL, NULL, h->helper_argv[0], h->helper_argv);
  if (NULL == h->auxp)
  {
    GNUNET_break (0);           /* Cannot exec SSH? */
    GNUNET_free (h);
    return NULL;
  }
  h->wait_time = GNUNET_TIME_STD_BACKOFF (h->wait_time);
  h->habitability_check_task =
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (h->wait_time, &habitability_check, h);
  return h;
}


/**
 * Function to cancel a request started using GNUNET_TESTBED_is_host_habitable()
 *
 * @param handle the habitability check handle
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_is_host_habitable_cancel (struct
                                         GNUNET_TESTBED_HostHabitableCheckHandle
                                         *handle)
{
  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (handle->habitability_check_task);
  (void) GNUNET_OS_process_kill (handle->auxp, GNUNET_TERM_SIG);
  (void) GNUNET_OS_process_wait (handle->auxp);
  GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (handle->auxp);
  free_argv (handle->helper_argv);
  GNUNET_free (handle);
}


/**
 * Register a host with the controller
 *
 * @param controller the controller handle
 * @param host the host to register
 * @param cc the completion callback to call to inform the status of
 *          registration. After calling this callback the registration handle
 *          will be invalid. Cannot be NULL.
 * @param cc_cls the closure for the cc
 * @return handle to the host registration which can be used to cancel the
 *           registration
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostRegistrationHandle *
GNUNET_TESTBED_register_host (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Controller *controller,
                              struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host,
                              GNUNET_TESTBED_HostRegistrationCompletion cc,
                              void *cc_cls)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostRegistrationHandle *rh;
  struct GNUNET_TESTBED_AddHostMessage *msg;
  const char *username;
  const char *hostname;
  char *config;
  char *cconfig;
  void *ptr;
  size_t cc_size;
  size_t config_size;
  uint16_t msg_size;
  uint16_t username_length;
  uint16_t hostname_length;

  if (NULL != controller->rh)
    return NULL;
  hostname = GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_hostname (host);
  if (GNUNET_YES == GNUNET_TESTBED_is_host_registered_ (host, controller))
  {
    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Host hostname: %s already registered\n",
         (NULL == hostname) ? "localhost" : hostname);
    return NULL;
  }
  rh = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostRegistrationHandle);
  rh->host = host;
  rh->c = controller;
  GNUNET_assert (NULL != cc);
  rh->cc = cc;
  rh->cc_cls = cc_cls;
  controller->rh = rh;
  username = GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_username_ (host);
  username_length = 0;
  if (NULL != username)
    username_length = strlen (username);
  GNUNET_assert (NULL != hostname); /* Hostname must be present */
  hostname_length = strlen (hostname);
  GNUNET_assert (NULL != host->cfg);
  config = GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_serialize (host->cfg, &config_size);
  cc_size = GNUNET_TESTBED_compress_config_ (config, config_size, &cconfig);
  GNUNET_free (config);
  msg_size = (sizeof (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_AddHostMessage));
  msg_size += username_length;
  msg_size += hostname_length;
  msg_size += cc_size;
  msg = GNUNET_malloc (msg_size);
  msg->header.size = htons (msg_size);
  msg->header.type = htons (GNUNET_MESSAGE_TYPE_TESTBED_ADD_HOST);
  msg->host_id = htonl (GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_id_ (host));
  msg->ssh_port = htons (GNUNET_TESTBED_host_get_ssh_port_ (host));
  ptr = &msg[1];
  if (NULL != username)
  {
    msg->username_length = htons (username_length);
    GNUNET_memcpy (ptr, username, username_length);
    ptr += username_length;
  }
  msg->hostname_length = htons (hostname_length);
  GNUNET_memcpy (ptr, hostname, hostname_length);
  ptr += hostname_length;
  msg->config_size = htons (config_size);
  GNUNET_memcpy (ptr, cconfig, cc_size);
  ptr += cc_size;
  GNUNET_assert ((ptr - (void *) msg) == msg_size);
  GNUNET_free (cconfig);
  GNUNET_TESTBED_queue_message_ (controller,
                                 (struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *) msg);
  return rh;
}


/**
 * Cancel the pending registration. Note that if the registration message is
 * already sent to the service the cancellation has only the effect that the
 * registration completion callback for the registration is never called.
 *
 * @param handle the registration handle to cancel
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_cancel_registration (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_HostRegistrationHandle
                                    *handle)
{
  if (handle != handle->c->rh)
  {
    GNUNET_break (0);
    return;
  }
  handle->c->rh = NULL;
  GNUNET_free (handle);
}


/**
 * Queues the given operation in the queue for parallel overlay connects of the
 * given host
 *
 * @param h the host handle
 * @param op the operation to queue in the given host's parally overlay connect
 *          queue
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_queue_oc_ (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *h,
                               struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Operation *op)
{
  GNUNET_TESTBED_operation_queue_insert_
      (h->opq_parallel_overlay_connect_operations, op);
}


/**
 * Resolves the hostname of the host to an ip address
 *
 * @param host the host whose hostname is to be resolved
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTBED_host_resolve_ (struct GNUNET_TESTBED_Host *host)
{
  char *hostname;

  hostname = (char *) host->hostname;
  host->hostname = simple_resolve (hostname);
  if (NULL == host->hostname)
  {
    GNUNET_break (0);
    host->hostname = hostname;
    return;
  }
  GNUNET_free (hostname);
  host->hostname = GNUNET_strdup (host->hostname);
}

/* end of testbed_api_hosts.c */