nmrpflash - Netgear Unbrick Utility ==================================== This program uses Netgear's [NMRP protocol] (http://www.chubb.wattle.id.au/PeterChubb/nmrp.html) to flash a new firmware image to a compatible device. This utility has been successfully used on a Netgear EX2700 and DNG3700v2, but is likely to work with many other Netgear routers as well. Prebuilt binaries for Linux, OS X and Windows are available [here](https://github.com/jclehner/nmrpflash/releases) ([WinPcap](https://www.winpcap.org/install/default.htm) is required on Windows). ``` Usage: nmrpflash [OPTIONS...] Options (-i and -f and/or -c are mandatory): -a IP address to assign to target device -A IP address to assign to interface -c Command to run before (or instead of) TFTP upload -f Firmware file -F Remote filename to use during TFTP upload -i Network interface directly connected to device -m MAC address of target device (xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx) -M Subnet mask to assign to target device -t Timeout (in milliseconds) for regular messages -T Time (seconds) to wait after successfull TFTP upload -p Port to use for TFTP upload -R Set device region (NA, WW, GR, PR, RU, BZ, IN, KO, JP) -v Be verbose -V Print version and exit -L List network interfaces -h Show this screen ``` ### Using nmrpflash Your Netgear router must be connected to your network using an Ethernet cable. The device running `nmrpflash` must be connected to the same network, using either Wi-Fi or Ethernet. All available network interfaces can be listed using ``` # nmrpflash -L eth0 192.168.1.2 f2:11:a1:02:03:b1 ``` Once you've determined the interface to use, we can flash the image. Firmware images can usually be downloaded directly from Netgear. For details on how to do this, see [here](#obtaining-firmware-images). Power on your device immediately after starting `nmrpflash`. ``` # nmrpflash -i eth0 -f EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img Advertising NMRP server on eth0 ... / Received configuration request from a4:2b:8c:00:00:01. Sending configuration: ip 10.164.183.252, mask 255.255.255.0. Received upload request: filename 'firmware'. Uploading EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img ... OK Waiting for remote to respond. Remote finished. Closing connection. Reboot your device now. ``` ### Common issues In any case, run `nmrpflash` with `-vvv` before filing a bug report. Also, try connecting your Netgear router *directly* to the computer running `nmrpflash`. ###### "Error while loading shared libraries: ..." (Linux) You must install your Linux distribution's `libpcap` and `libnl-3` packages (exact names will vary depending on your distribution). ###### "The program can't start because wpcap.dll is missing" (Windows) Install [WinPcap](https://www.winpcap.org/install/default.htm). ###### "No suitable network interfaces found." Make sure the network interface is up (wireless interfaces are not supported). On Windows, try restarting the WinPcap service (commands must be run as administrator): ``` C:\> net stop npf C:\> net start npf ``` ###### "No response after 60 seconds. Bailing out." The router did not respond. Try rebooting the device and run `nmrpflash` again. You could also try running `nmrpflash` with `-m` and specify your router's MAC address. It's also possible that your device does not support the NMRP protocol. ###### "Timeout while waiting for initial reply." The device did not respond to `nmrpflash`'s TFTP upload request. By default, `nmrpflash` will assign `10.164.183.252` to the target device, while adding `10.164.183.253` to the network interface specified by the `-i` flag. You can use `-a` to change the IP address assigned to the target (e.g. if your network is `192.168.1.0/24`, specify a *free* IP address, such as `-a 192.168.1.252`), and `-A` to change the IP address used for the network interface. This error message could also indicate a bug in the TFTP code; try using an external tftp client (busybox in this example), by specifying the `-c` flag instead of the `-f` flag: `# nmrpflash -i eth0 -c 'busybox tftp -p -l EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img $IP'` The environment variable `IP` is set by `nmrpflash` (other environment variables are: `MAC`, `PORT`, `NETMASK`). ###### "Timeout while waiting for CLOSE_REQ." After a successful file upload, `nmrpflash` waits for up to 5 minutes for an answer from your device. You can increase this by specifying a longer timeout using `-T` switch (argument is in seconds). It's entirely possible that the image was flashed successfully, but the operation took longer than 5 minutes. ###### "Address X/Y cannot be used on interface Z." `nmrpflash` refuses to use an IP address / subnet mask combination that would make the remote device unreachable from the device running `nmrpflash`. For example, if the IP address of your computer is 192.168.0.1/255.255.255.0, assigning 192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0 to the router makes no sense, because the TFTP upload will fail. ###### "IP address of X has changed. Please assign a static IP to the interface." This can happen if the network interface in question automatically detects that the network cable has been connected, and your computer tries to reconfigure that interface (NetworkManager on Linux does this for example) - this can usually be disabled. An alternative would be to add `-c 'ifconfig '` to the command line, for example: `# nmrpflash -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.1 -f firmware.bin -c 'ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2'` This will execute the command specified by `-c` prior to starting the TFTP upload (in this case setting the IP address to 192.168.1.2). ### Building and installing ###### Linux, Mac OS X, BSDs ``` $ make && sudo make install ``` ###### Windows The repository includes a [DevCpp](http://sourceforge.net/projects/orwelldevcpp/) project file (`nmrpflash.dev`). Download the latest [WinPcap Developer Pack](https://www.winpcap.org/devel.htm) and extract it into the root folder of the nmrpflash sources. ### Obtaining firmware images Firmware images can be downloaded directly from Netgear's FTP servers. For the Netgear EX2700 for example, download ftp://updates1.netgear.com/ex2700/ww/fileinfo.txt. At the top there should be an entry like this: ``` [Major1] file=EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img ... ``` The download link for the latest firmware image for this device is thus: ftp://updates1.netgear.com/ex2700/ww/EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img. Substitute `ex2700` for your device (`wndr4300`, `wndr3700`, `r6100`, etc.). If neccessary, substitute `ww` (world-wide) for a specific region.