Harden asn1 oid loader to invalid inputs

In the event that a config file contains this sequence:
=======
openssl_conf = openssl_init

config_diagnostics = 1

[openssl_init]
oid_section = oids

[oids]
testoid1 = 1.2.3.4.1
testoid2 = A Very Long OID Name, 1.2.3.4.2
testoid3 = ,1.2.3.4.3
======

The leading comma in testoid3 can cause a heap buffer overflow, as the
parsing code will move the string pointer back 1 character, thereby
pointing to an invalid memory space

correct the parser to detect this condition and handle it by treating it
as if the comma doesn't exist (i.e. an empty long oid name)

Reviewed-by: Hugo Landau <hlandau@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/22957)

apps/asn1parse.c

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ int asn1parse_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if ((buf = BUF_MEM_new()) == NULL)
         goto end;
-    if (genstr == NULL && informat == FORMAT_PEM) {
+    if (genconf == NULL && genstr == NULL && informat == FORMAT_PEM) {
         if (PEM_read_bio(in, &name, &header, &str, &num) != 1) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error reading PEM file\n");
             ERR_print_errors(bio_err);

crypto/asn1/asn_moid.c

@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ static int do_create(const char *value, const char *name)
     if (p == NULL) {
         ln = name;
         ostr = value;
+    } else if (p == value) {
+        /* we started with a leading comma */
+        ln = name;
+        ostr = p + 1;
     } else {
         ln = value;
         ostr = p + 1;

test/recipes/04-test_asn1_parse.t

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl
+# Copyright 2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
+# this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
+# in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
+# https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+
+use strict;
+use OpenSSL::Test qw(:DEFAULT srctop_file);
+use OpenSSL::Test::Utils;
+
+setup("test_asn1_parse");
+
+plan tests => 3;
+
+$ENV{OPENSSL_CONF} = srctop_file("test", "test_asn1_parse.cnf");
+
+ok(run(app(([ 'openssl', 'asn1parse',
+              '-genstr', 'OID:1.2.3.4.1']))));
+
+ok(run(app(([ 'openssl', 'asn1parse',
+              '-genstr', 'OID:1.2.3.4.2']))));
+
+ok(run(app(([ 'openssl', 'asn1parse',
+              '-genstr', 'OID:1.2.3.4.3']))));

test/test_asn1_parse.cnf

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+openssl_conf = openssl_init
+
+# Comment out the next line to ignore configuration errors
+config_diagnostics = 1
+
+[openssl_init]
+oid_section = oids
+
+[oids]
+testoid1 = 1.2.3.4.1
+testoid2 = A Very Long OID Name, 1.2.3.4.2
+testoid3 = ,1.2.3.4.3