.TH NEDMAIL 1
.SH NAME
nedmail, fs \-  reading mail
.PP
.B upas/nedmail
[
.B -c [dir]
]
[
.B -r
]
[
.B -n
]
[
.B -f
.I mailfile
]
[
.B -s
.I mailfile
]
.PP
.B upas/fs
[
.B -f
.I mailbox
]
[
.B -b
]
[
.B -n
]
[
.B -p
]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.SS "Reading Mail
.I Nedmail
edits a mailbox.
The default mailbox is
.BI /mail/box/ username /mbox\f1.
The
.B -f
command line option specifies an alternate mailbox.
Unrooted path names are interpreted relative to
.BI /mail/box/ username.
If the
.I mailfile
argument is omitted, the name defaults to
.BR stored .
.PP
The options are:
.TF "-f mailfile"
.TP
.BI -c " dir
Create a mailbox.  If
.I dir
is specified, the new mailbox is created in
.BI /mail/box/ username / dir /mbox\f1.
Otherwise, the default mailbox is created.
.TP
.B -r
Reverse: show messages in first-in, first-out order; the default is last-in, first-out.
.TP
.B -n
Make the message numbers the same as the file names in the mail
box directory.  This implies the
.B -r
option.
.TP
.BI -f " mailfile"
Read messages from the specified file (see above) instead of the default mailbox.
.TP
.BI -s " mailfile"
Read a single message file
.IR mailfile ,
as produced by
.IR fs ,
and treat it as an entire mailbox.
This is provided for
use in plumbing rules; see
.IR faces (1).
.PD
.PP
.I Nedmail
starts by reading the mail box, printing out the number
of messages, and then prompting for commands from standard input.
Commands, as in
.IR ed (1),
are of the form
.RI `[ range ]
.I command
.RI [ arguments ]'.
The command is applied to each message in the (optional) range.
.PP
The address range can be:
.TP 1.4i
.I address
to indicate a single message header
.PD 0
.TP
.IB address , address
to indicate a range of contiguous message headers
.TP
.BI g/ expression /
to indicate all messages whose headers match the regular
.IR expression .
.TP
.BI g% expression %
to indicate all messages whose contents match the regular
.IR expression .
.PD
.PP
The addresses can be:
.TP 1.4i
.I number
to indicate a particular message
.PD 0
.TP
.IB address . number
to indicate a subpart of a particular message
.TP
.BI / expression /
to indicate the next message whose header matches
.I expression
.TP
.BI % expression %
to indicate the next message whose contents match
expression
.TP
.I "empty or .
to indicate the current message
.TP
.BI - address
to indicate backwards search or movement
.PD
.PP
Since messages in MIME are hierarchical
structures, in
.I nedmail
all the subparts are individually addressable.
For example if message 2 contains 3 attachments,
the attachments are numbered 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3.
.PP
The commands are:
.TP 1.1i
.BI a " args
Reply to all addresses in the
.BR To: ,
.BR From: ,
and
.BR Cc:
header lines.
.I Marshal
is used to format the reply and any arguments the
user specifies are added to the command line to
.I marshal
before the recipient.
The possibility of making a fool of yourself is very
high with this command.
.PD 0
.TP
.BI A " args
Like 
.B a
but with the message
appended to the reply.
.TP
.B b
Print the headers for the next ten messages.
.TP
.B d
Mark message to be deleted upon exiting
.IR nedmail .
.TP
.B f
Append the message to the file 
.BI /mail/box/ username / sendername
where
.I sendername
is the account name of the sender.
.TP
.B h
Print the disposition, size in characters, reception time, sender,
and subject of the message.
.TP
.B H
Print the MIME structure of the message.
.TP
.B help
Print a summary of the commands.
.TP
.BI m " person ...
Forward the message as a mime attachment to the named
.IR persons .
.TP
.BI M " person ...
Like
.B m
but allow the user to type in text to be included
with the forwarded message.
.TP
.B p
Print message.	An interrupt stops the printing.
.TP
.BI r " args
Reply to the sender of the message.
.I Marshal
is used to format the reply.
If and optional
.I Args
are specified, they are added to the command line to
.I marshal
before the recipient's address.
.TP
.B R " args 
Like
.B r
but with the original message included as an attachment.
.TP
.B rf
Like
.B r
but append the message and the reply to the file 
.BI /mail/box/ username / sendername
where
.I sendername
is the account name of the sender.
.TP
.B Rf
Like 
.B R
but append the message and the reply to the file 
.BI /mail/box/ username / sendername
where
.I sendername
is the account name of the sender.
.TP
.BI s " mfile"
Append the message to the specified mailbox.
If
.I mfile
doesn't start with a `/', it is interpreted relative to the directory in which the mailbox resides.
If
.I mfile
is a directory then the destination is a file in that directry.
If the MIME header specifies a file name, that one is used.
Otherwise, one is generated using
.IR mktemp (2)
and the string
.BR att.XXXXXXXXXXX .
.TP
.B q
Put undeleted mail back in the mailbox and stop.
.TP
EOT (control-D)
Same as 
.BR q .
.TP
.BI w " file
Same as
.B s
with the mail header line(s) stripped.  This can be used to
save binary mail bodies.
.TP
.B u
Remove mark for deletion.
.TP
.B x
Exit, without changing the mailbox file.
.TP
.B y
Synchronize with the mail box.  Any deleted
messages are purged and any new messages read.
This is equivalent to quiting nedmail and restarting.
.TP
.BI | command
Run the
.I command
with the message body as standard input.
.TP
.BI || command
Run the
.I command
with the whole message as standard input.
.TP
.BI ! command
Escape to the shell to do
.IR command .
.TP
.B \&=
Print the number of the current message.
.PD
.PP
Here's an example of a mail session that looks at a summary
of the mail messages, saves away an html file added as an
attachment to a message and then deletes the message:
.LP
.EX
% mail
7 messages
: ,h
1   H  2129	07/22 12:30  noone@madeup.net  "Add Up To 2000 free miles"
2       504	07/22 11:43  jmk
3   H   784	07/20 09:05  presotto
4       822	07/11 09:23  xxx@yyy.net  "You don't call, you don't write..."
5       193	07/06 16:55  presotto
6       529	06/01 19:42  jmk
7       798	09/02  2000  howard
: 1H
1       multipart/mixed             2129   from=noone@madeup.net
 1.1      text/plain                115    
 1.2      text/html                 1705   filename=northwest.htm
: 1.2w /tmp/northwest.html
!saved in /tmp/northwest.html
1.2: d
1: q
!1 message deleted
% 
.EE
.PP
Notice that the delete of message 1.2 deleted the entire message and
not just the attachment.
.SS "Mime File system
.PP
.I Fs
is a user level file system that reads mailboxes and presents them as a file
system.
A user normally starts
.I fs
in his/her profile after starting
.IR plumber (4)
and before starting
a window system, such as
.IR rio (1)
or
.IR acme (1).
The file system is used by
.I nedmail
and
.IR acme (1)'s
mail reader to parse messages.
.I Fs
also generates plumbing messages used by
.IR biff
and
.IR faces (1)
to provide mail announcements.
.PP
The mailbox itself becomes a directory under
.BR /mail/fs .
Each message in the mailbox becomes a numbered directory in the
mailbox directory, and each attachment becomes a numbered directory
in the message directory.  Since an attachment may itself be a mail message,
this structure can recurse ad nauseam.
.PP
Each message and attachment directory contains the files:
.TP 1.4i
.B body
.PD 0
the message minus the RFC822 style headers
.TP
.B cc
the address(es) from the CC: header
.TP
.B date
the date in the message, or if none, the time of delivery
.TP
.B digest
an SHA1 digest of the message contents
.TP
.B disposition
.B inline
or
.B file
.TP
.B filename
a name to use to file an attachment
.TP
.B from
the from address in the From: header, or if none,
the address on the envelope.
.TP
.B header
the RFC822 headers
.TP
.B info
described below, essentially a summary of the header info
.TP
.B inreplyto
contents of the
.B in-reply-to:
header
.TP
.B mimeheader
the mime headers
.TP
.B raw
the undecoded MIME message
.TP
.B rawbody
the undecoded message body
.TP
.B rawheader
the undecoded message header
.TP
.B replyto
the address to send any replies to.
.TP
.B subject
the contents of the subject line
.TP
.B to
the address(es) from the To: line.
.TP
.B type
the MIME content type
.TP
.B unixheader
the envelope header from the mailbox
.PD
.PP
The
.B info
file contains the following information, one item per line.  Lists
of addresses are single space separated.
.IP
.TP 2i
.I "sender address
.PD 0
.TP
.I "recipient addresses
.TP
.I "cc addresses
.TP
.I "reply address
.TP
.I "envelope date
.TP
.I "subject
.TP
.I "MIME content type
.TP
.I "MIME disposition
.TP
.I filename
.TP
.I "SHA1 digest
.TP
.I "bcc addresses
.TP
.I "in-reply-to: contents
.TP
.I "RFC822 date
.TP
.I "message senders
.TP
.I "message id
.TP
.I "number of lines in body
.PD
.PP
Deleting message directories causes the message to be removed from
the mailbox.
.PP
The mailbox is reread and the structure updated
whenever the mailbox changes.  Message directories are
not renumbered.
.PP
The file
.B /mail/fs/ctl
is used to direct
.I fs
to open/close new mailboxes or to delete groups of messages atomically.
The messages that can be written to this file are:
.TP 2i
.PD 0
.B "open \fIpath mboxname\fP
opens a new mailbox.
.I path
is the file to open, and
.I mboxname
is the name that appears under
.BR /mail/fs .
.TP
.B "close \fImboxname\fP
close
.IR mboxname .
The close takes affect only after all files open under
.BI /mail/fs/ mboxname
have been closed.
.TP
.B "delete \fImboxname number ...\fP
Delete the messages with the given numbers from
.IR mboxname.
.PD
.PP
The options are:
.TF "-f file
.TP
.BI -f file
use
.I file
as the mailbox instead of the default,
.BI /mail/box/ username /mbox.
.PD 0
.TP
.B -b
stands for biffing.  Each time new mail
is received, a message is printed to standard
output containing the sender address, subject,
and number of bytes.  It is intended for
people telnetting in who want mail announcements.
.TP
.B -n
Don't open a mailbox initially.  Overridden by -f.
.TP
.B -p
turn off plumbing.  Unless this is specified,
.I fs
sends a message to the plumb port,
.BR seemail ,
from source
.B mailfs
for each message received or deleted.
The message contains the attributes
.IR sender = "<contents of from file>" ,
.IR filetype =mail,
.IR mailtype = "deleted or new" ,
and
.IR length = "<message length in bytes>" .
The contents of the message is the full path
name of the directory representing the message.
.TP
.B -s
causes
.I fs
to put itself in
.B /srv
with a name of the form
.BR /srv/upasfs.\fIuser\fP .
.TP
.B -m
specifies a mount point other than
.BR /mail/fs .
.PD
.PP
.I Fs
will exit once all references to its directory
have disappeared.
.SH FILES
.TF /mail/box/*/dead.letter
.TP
.B /sys/log/mail
mail log file
.TP
.B /mail/box/*
mail directories
.TP
.B /mail/box/*/mbox
mailbox files
.TP
.B /mail/box/*/forward
forwarding address(es)
.TP
.B /mail/box/*/pipeto
mail filter
.TP
.B /mail/box/*/L.reading
mutual exclusion lock for multiple mbox readers
.TP
.B /mail/box/*/L.mbox
mutual exclusion lock for altering mbox
.TP
.B /lib/face/48x48x?
directories of icons for
.I seemail
.SH SOURCE
.TF /sys/src/cmd/upas
.TP
.B /rc/bin/mail
.TP
.B /sys/src/cmd/upas
source for commands in
.B /bin/upas
.TP
.B /sys/src/cmd/faces
.TP
.B /rc/bin/vwhois
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IR mail (1),
.IR aliasmail (8),
.IR filter (1),
.IR marshal (1),
.IR mlmgr (1),
.IR nedmail (1),
.IR smtp (8),
.IR faces (1),
.IR rewrite (6)