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- /*
- * Size memory and create the kernel page-tables on the fly while doing so.
- * Called from main(), this code should only be run by the bootstrap processor.
- *
- * MemMin is what the bootstrap code in l.s has already mapped;
- * MemMax is the limit of physical memory to scan.
- */
- #include "u.h"
- #include "../port/lib.h"
- #include "mem.h"
- #include "dat.h"
- #include "fns.h"
- #include "io.h"
- #include "ureg.h"
- #define MEMDEBUG 0
- enum {
- MemUPA = 0, /* unbacked physical address */
- MemRAM = 1, /* physical memory */
- MemUMB = 2, /* upper memory block (<16MB) */
- MemReserved = 3,
- NMemType = 4,
- KB = 1024,
- MemMin = 8*MB,
- MemMax = (3*1024+768)*MB,
- };
- typedef struct Map Map;
- struct Map {
- ulong size;
- ulong addr;
- };
- typedef struct RMap RMap;
- struct RMap {
- char* name;
- Map* map;
- Map* mapend;
- Lock;
- };
- /*
- * Memory allocation tracking.
- */
- static Map mapupa[16];
- static RMap rmapupa = {
- "unallocated unbacked physical memory",
- mapupa,
- &mapupa[nelem(mapupa)-1],
- };
- static Map xmapupa[16];
- static RMap xrmapupa = {
- "unbacked physical memory",
- xmapupa,
- &xmapupa[nelem(xmapupa)-1],
- };
- static Map mapram[16];
- static RMap rmapram = {
- "physical memory",
- mapram,
- &mapram[nelem(mapram)-1],
- };
- static Map mapumb[64];
- static RMap rmapumb = {
- "upper memory block",
- mapumb,
- &mapumb[nelem(mapumb)-1],
- };
- static Map mapumbrw[16];
- static RMap rmapumbrw = {
- "UMB device memory",
- mapumbrw,
- &mapumbrw[nelem(mapumbrw)-1],
- };
- void
- mapprint(RMap *rmap)
- {
- Map *mp;
- print("%s\n", rmap->name);
- for(mp = rmap->map; mp->size; mp++)
- print("\t%8.8luX %8.8luX (%lud)\n", mp->addr, mp->addr+mp->size, mp->size);
- }
- void
- memdebug(void)
- {
- ulong maxpa, maxpa1, maxpa2;
- maxpa = (nvramread(0x18)<<8)|nvramread(0x17);
- maxpa1 = (nvramread(0x31)<<8)|nvramread(0x30);
- maxpa2 = (nvramread(0x16)<<8)|nvramread(0x15);
- print("maxpa = %luX -> %luX, maxpa1 = %luX maxpa2 = %luX\n",
- maxpa, MB+maxpa*KB, maxpa1, maxpa2);
- mapprint(&rmapram);
- mapprint(&rmapumb);
- mapprint(&rmapumbrw);
- mapprint(&rmapupa);
- }
- void
- mapfree(RMap* rmap, ulong addr, ulong size)
- {
- Map *mp;
- ulong t;
- if(size <= 0)
- return;
- lock(rmap);
- for(mp = rmap->map; mp->addr <= addr && mp->size; mp++)
- ;
- if(mp > rmap->map && (mp-1)->addr+(mp-1)->size == addr){
- (mp-1)->size += size;
- if(addr+size == mp->addr){
- (mp-1)->size += mp->size;
- while(mp->size){
- mp++;
- (mp-1)->addr = mp->addr;
- (mp-1)->size = mp->size;
- }
- }
- }
- else{
- if(addr+size == mp->addr && mp->size){
- mp->addr -= size;
- mp->size += size;
- }
- else do{
- if(mp >= rmap->mapend){
- print("mapfree: %s: losing 0x%luX, %ld\n",
- rmap->name, addr, size);
- break;
- }
- t = mp->addr;
- mp->addr = addr;
- addr = t;
- t = mp->size;
- mp->size = size;
- mp++;
- }while(size = t);
- }
- unlock(rmap);
- }
- ulong
- mapalloc(RMap* rmap, ulong addr, int size, int align)
- {
- Map *mp;
- ulong maddr, oaddr;
- lock(rmap);
- for(mp = rmap->map; mp->size; mp++){
- maddr = mp->addr;
- if(addr){
- /*
- * A specific address range has been given:
- * if the current map entry is greater then
- * the address is not in the map;
- * if the current map entry does not overlap
- * the beginning of the requested range then
- * continue on to the next map entry;
- * if the current map entry does not entirely
- * contain the requested range then the range
- * is not in the map.
- */
- if(maddr > addr)
- break;
- if(mp->size < addr - maddr) /* maddr+mp->size < addr, but no overflow */
- continue;
- if(addr - maddr > mp->size - size) /* addr+size > maddr+mp->size, but no overflow */
- break;
- maddr = addr;
- }
- if(align > 0)
- maddr = ((maddr+align-1)/align)*align;
- if(mp->addr+mp->size-maddr < size)
- continue;
- oaddr = mp->addr;
- mp->addr = maddr+size;
- mp->size -= maddr-oaddr+size;
- if(mp->size == 0){
- do{
- mp++;
- (mp-1)->addr = mp->addr;
- }while((mp-1)->size = mp->size);
- }
- unlock(rmap);
- if(oaddr != maddr)
- mapfree(rmap, oaddr, maddr-oaddr);
- return maddr;
- }
- unlock(rmap);
- return 0;
- }
- /*
- * Allocate from the ram map directly to make page tables.
- * Called by mmuwalk during e820scan.
- */
- void*
- rampage(void)
- {
- ulong m;
-
- m = mapalloc(&rmapram, 0, BY2PG, BY2PG);
- if(m == 0)
- return nil;
- return KADDR(m);
- }
- static void
- umbexclude(void)
- {
- int size;
- ulong addr;
- char *op, *p, *rptr;
- if((p = getconf("umbexclude")) == nil)
- return;
- while(p && *p != '\0' && *p != '\n'){
- op = p;
- addr = strtoul(p, &rptr, 0);
- if(rptr == nil || rptr == p || *rptr != '-'){
- print("umbexclude: invalid argument <%s>\n", op);
- break;
- }
- p = rptr+1;
- size = strtoul(p, &rptr, 0) - addr + 1;
- if(size <= 0){
- print("umbexclude: bad range <%s>\n", op);
- break;
- }
- if(rptr != nil && *rptr == ',')
- *rptr++ = '\0';
- p = rptr;
- mapalloc(&rmapumb, addr, size, 0);
- }
- }
- static void
- umbscan(void)
- {
- uchar *p;
- /*
- * Scan the Upper Memory Blocks (0xA0000->0xF0000) for pieces
- * which aren't used; they can be used later for devices which
- * want to allocate some virtual address space.
- * Check for two things:
- * 1) device BIOS ROM. This should start with a two-byte header
- * of 0x55 0xAA, followed by a byte giving the size of the ROM
- * in 512-byte chunks. These ROM's must start on a 2KB boundary.
- * 2) device memory. This is read-write.
- * There are some assumptions: there's VGA memory at 0xA0000 and
- * the VGA BIOS ROM is at 0xC0000. Also, if there's no ROM signature
- * at 0xE0000 then the whole 64KB up to 0xF0000 is theoretically up
- * for grabs; check anyway.
- */
- p = KADDR(0xD0000);
- while(p < (uchar*)KADDR(0xE0000)){
- /*
- * Test for 0x55 0xAA before poking obtrusively,
- * some machines (e.g. Thinkpad X20) seem to map
- * something dynamic here (cardbus?) causing weird
- * problems if it is changed.
- */
- if(p[0] == 0x55 && p[1] == 0xAA){
- p += p[2]*512;
- continue;
- }
- p[0] = 0xCC;
- p[2*KB-1] = 0xCC;
- if(p[0] != 0xCC || p[2*KB-1] != 0xCC){
- p[0] = 0x55;
- p[1] = 0xAA;
- p[2] = 4;
- if(p[0] == 0x55 && p[1] == 0xAA){
- p += p[2]*512;
- continue;
- }
- if(p[0] == 0xFF && p[1] == 0xFF)
- mapfree(&rmapumb, PADDR(p), 2*KB);
- }
- else
- mapfree(&rmapumbrw, PADDR(p), 2*KB);
- p += 2*KB;
- }
- p = KADDR(0xE0000);
- if(p[0] != 0x55 || p[1] != 0xAA){
- p[0] = 0xCC;
- p[64*KB-1] = 0xCC;
- if(p[0] != 0xCC && p[64*KB-1] != 0xCC)
- mapfree(&rmapumb, PADDR(p), 64*KB);
- }
- umbexclude();
- }
- static void
- lowraminit(void)
- {
- ulong n, pa, x;
- uchar *bda;
- /*
- * Initialise the memory bank information for conventional memory
- * (i.e. less than 640KB). The base is the first location after the
- * bootstrap processor MMU information and the limit is obtained from
- * the BIOS data area.
- */
- x = PADDR(CPU0END);
- bda = (uchar*)KADDR(0x400);
- n = ((bda[0x14]<<8)|bda[0x13])*KB-x;
- mapfree(&rmapram, x, n);
- memset(KADDR(x), 0, n); /* keep us honest */
- x = PADDR(PGROUND((ulong)end));
- pa = MemMin;
- if(x > pa)
- panic("kernel too big");
- mapfree(&rmapram, x, pa-x);
- memset(KADDR(x), 0, pa-x); /* keep us honest */
- }
- static void
- ramscan(ulong maxmem)
- {
- ulong *k0, kzero, map, maxkpa, maxpa, pa, *pte, *table, *va, vbase, x;
- int nvalid[NMemType];
- /*
- * The bootstrap code has has created a prototype page
- * table which maps the first MemMin of physical memory to KZERO.
- * The page directory is at m->pdb and the first page of
- * free memory is after the per-processor MMU information.
- */
- pa = MemMin;
- /*
- * Check if the extended memory size can be obtained from the CMOS.
- * If it's 0 then it's either not known or >= 64MB. Always check
- * at least 24MB in case there's a memory gap (up to 8MB) below 16MB;
- * in this case the memory from the gap is remapped to the top of
- * memory.
- * The value in CMOS is supposed to be the number of KB above 1MB.
- */
- if(maxmem == 0){
- x = (nvramread(0x18)<<8)|nvramread(0x17);
- if(x == 0 || x >= (63*KB))
- maxpa = MemMax;
- else
- maxpa = MB+x*KB;
- if(maxpa < 24*MB)
- maxpa = 24*MB;
- }else
- maxpa = maxmem;
- maxkpa = (u32int)-KZERO; /* 2^32 - KZERO */
- /*
- * March up memory from MemMin to maxpa 1MB at a time,
- * mapping the first page and checking the page can
- * be written and read correctly. The page tables are created here
- * on the fly, allocating from low memory as necessary.
- */
- k0 = (ulong*)KADDR(0);
- kzero = *k0;
- map = 0;
- x = 0x12345678;
- memset(nvalid, 0, sizeof(nvalid));
-
- /*
- * Can't map memory to KADDR(pa) when we're walking because
- * can only use KADDR for relatively low addresses.
- * Instead, map each 4MB we scan to the virtual address range
- * MemMin->MemMin+4MB while we are scanning.
- */
- vbase = MemMin;
- while(pa < maxpa){
- /*
- * Map the page. Use mapalloc(&rmapram, ...) to make
- * the page table if necessary, it will be returned to the
- * pool later if it isn't needed. Map in a fixed range (the second 4M)
- * because high physical addresses cannot be passed to KADDR.
- */
- va = (void*)(vbase + pa%(4*MB));
- table = &m->pdb[PDX(va)];
- if(pa%(4*MB) == 0){
- if(map == 0 && (map = mapalloc(&rmapram, 0, BY2PG, BY2PG)) == 0)
- break;
- memset(KADDR(map), 0, BY2PG);
- *table = map|PTEWRITE|PTEVALID;
- memset(nvalid, 0, sizeof(nvalid));
- }
- table = KADDR(PPN(*table));
- pte = &table[PTX(va)];
- *pte = pa|PTEWRITE|PTEUNCACHED|PTEVALID;
- mmuflushtlb(PADDR(m->pdb));
- /*
- * Write a pattern to the page and write a different
- * pattern to a possible mirror at KZERO. If the data
- * reads back correctly the chunk is some type of RAM (possibly
- * a linearly-mapped VGA framebuffer, for instance...) and
- * can be cleared and added to the memory pool. If not, the
- * chunk is marked uncached and added to the UMB pool if <16MB
- * or is marked invalid and added to the UPA pool.
- */
- *va = x;
- *k0 = ~x;
- if(*va == x){
- nvalid[MemRAM] += MB/BY2PG;
- mapfree(&rmapram, pa, MB);
- do{
- *pte++ = pa|PTEWRITE|PTEVALID;
- pa += BY2PG;
- }while(pa % MB);
- mmuflushtlb(PADDR(m->pdb));
- /* memset(va, 0, MB); so damn slow to memset all of memory */
- }
- else if(pa < 16*MB){
- nvalid[MemUMB] += MB/BY2PG;
- mapfree(&rmapumb, pa, MB);
- do{
- *pte++ = pa|PTEWRITE|PTEUNCACHED|PTEVALID;
- pa += BY2PG;
- }while(pa % MB);
- }
- else{
- nvalid[MemUPA] += MB/BY2PG;
- mapfree(&rmapupa, pa, MB);
- *pte = 0;
- pa += MB;
- }
- /*
- * Done with this 4MB chunk, review the options:
- * 1) not physical memory and >=16MB - invalidate the PDB entry;
- * 2) physical memory - use the 4MB page extension if possible;
- * 3) not physical memory and <16MB - use the 4MB page extension
- * if possible;
- * 4) mixed or no 4MB page extension - commit the already
- * initialised space for the page table.
- */
- if(pa%(4*MB) == 0 && pa >= 32*MB && nvalid[MemUPA] == (4*MB)/BY2PG){
- /*
- * If we encounter a 4MB chunk of missing memory
- * at a sufficiently high offset, call it the end of
- * memory. Otherwise we run the risk of thinking
- * that video memory is real RAM.
- */
- break;
- }
- if(pa <= maxkpa && pa%(4*MB) == 0){
- table = &m->pdb[PDX(KADDR(pa - 4*MB))];
- if(nvalid[MemUPA] == (4*MB)/BY2PG)
- *table = 0;
- else if(nvalid[MemRAM] == (4*MB)/BY2PG && (m->cpuiddx & 0x08))
- *table = (pa - 4*MB)|PTESIZE|PTEWRITE|PTEVALID;
- else if(nvalid[MemUMB] == (4*MB)/BY2PG && (m->cpuiddx & 0x08))
- *table = (pa - 4*MB)|PTESIZE|PTEWRITE|PTEUNCACHED|PTEVALID;
- else{
- *table = map|PTEWRITE|PTEVALID;
- map = 0;
- }
- }
- mmuflushtlb(PADDR(m->pdb));
- x += 0x3141526;
- }
- /*
- * If we didn't reach the end of the 4MB chunk, that part won't
- * be mapped. Commit the already initialised space for the page table.
- */
- if(pa % (4*MB) && pa <= maxkpa){
- m->pdb[PDX(KADDR(pa))] = map|PTEWRITE|PTEVALID;
- map = 0;
- }
- if(map)
- mapfree(&rmapram, map, BY2PG);
- m->pdb[PDX(vbase)] = 0;
- mmuflushtlb(PADDR(m->pdb));
- mapfree(&rmapupa, pa, (u32int)-pa);
- *k0 = kzero;
- }
- /*
- * BIOS Int 0x15 E820 memory map.
- */
- enum
- {
- SMAP = ('S'<<24)|('M'<<16)|('A'<<8)|'P',
- Ememory = 1,
- Ereserved = 2,
- Carry = 1,
- };
- typedef struct Emap Emap;
- struct Emap
- {
- uvlong base;
- uvlong len;
- ulong type;
- };
- static Emap emap[16];
- int nemap;
- static char *etypes[] =
- {
- "type=0",
- "memory",
- "reserved",
- "acpi reclaim",
- "acpi nvs",
- };
- static int
- emapcmp(const void *va, const void *vb)
- {
- Emap *a, *b;
-
- a = (Emap*)va;
- b = (Emap*)vb;
- if(a->base < b->base)
- return -1;
- if(a->base > b->base)
- return 1;
- if(a->len < b->len)
- return -1;
- if(a->len > b->len)
- return 1;
- return a->type - b->type;
- }
- static void
- map(ulong base, ulong len, int type)
- {
- ulong e, n;
- ulong *table, flags, maxkpa;
-
- /*
- * Split any call crossing MemMin to make below simpler.
- */
- if(base < MemMin && len > MemMin-base){
- n = MemMin - base;
- map(base, n, type);
- map(MemMin, len-n, type);
- }
-
- /*
- * Let lowraminit and umbscan hash out the low MemMin.
- */
- if(base < MemMin)
- return;
- /*
- * Any non-memory below 16*MB is used as upper mem blocks.
- */
- if(type == MemUPA && base < 16*MB && base+len > 16*MB){
- map(base, 16*MB-base, MemUMB);
- map(16*MB, len-(16*MB-base), MemUPA);
- return;
- }
-
- /*
- * Memory below CPU0END is reserved for the kernel
- * and already mapped.
- */
- if(base < PADDR(CPU0END)){
- n = PADDR(CPU0END) - base;
- if(len <= n)
- return;
- map(PADDR(CPU0END), len-n, type);
- return;
- }
-
- /*
- * Memory between KTZERO and end is the kernel itself
- * and is already mapped.
- */
- if(base < PADDR(KTZERO) && base+len > PADDR(KTZERO)){
- map(base, PADDR(KTZERO)-base, type);
- return;
- }
- if(PADDR(KTZERO) < base && base < PADDR(PGROUND((ulong)end))){
- n = PADDR(PGROUND((ulong)end));
- if(len <= n)
- return;
- map(PADDR(PGROUND((ulong)end)), len-n, type);
- return;
- }
-
- /*
- * Now we have a simple case.
- */
- // print("map %.8lux %.8lux %d\n", base, base+len, type);
- switch(type){
- case MemRAM:
- mapfree(&rmapram, base, len);
- flags = PTEWRITE|PTEVALID;
- break;
- case MemUMB:
- mapfree(&rmapumb, base, len);
- flags = PTEWRITE|PTEUNCACHED|PTEVALID;
- break;
- case MemUPA:
- mapfree(&rmapupa, base, len);
- flags = 0;
- break;
- default:
- case MemReserved:
- flags = 0;
- break;
- }
-
- /*
- * bottom MemMin is already mapped - just twiddle flags.
- * (not currently used - see above)
- */
- if(base < MemMin){
- table = KADDR(PPN(m->pdb[PDX(base)]));
- e = base+len;
- base = PPN(base);
- for(; base<e; base+=BY2PG)
- table[PTX(base)] |= flags;
- return;
- }
-
- /*
- * Only map from KZERO to 2^32.
- */
- if(flags){
- maxkpa = -KZERO;
- if(base >= maxkpa)
- return;
- if(len > maxkpa-base)
- len = maxkpa - base;
- pdbmap(m->pdb, base|flags, base+KZERO, len);
- }
- }
- static int
- e820scan(void)
- {
- int i;
- Ureg u;
- ulong cont, base, len;
- uvlong last;
- Emap *e;
- if(getconf("*norealmode") || getconf("*noe820scan"))
- return -1;
- cont = 0;
- for(i=0; i<nelem(emap); i++){
- memset(&u, 0, sizeof u);
- u.ax = 0xE820;
- u.bx = cont;
- u.cx = 20;
- u.dx = SMAP;
- u.es = (PADDR(RMBUF)>>4)&0xF000;
- u.di = PADDR(RMBUF)&0xFFFF;
- u.trap = 0x15;
- realmode(&u);
- cont = u.bx;
- if((u.flags&Carry) || u.ax != SMAP || u.cx != 20)
- break;
- e = &emap[nemap++];
- *e = *(Emap*)RMBUF;
- if(u.bx == 0)
- break;
- }
- if(nemap == 0)
- return -1;
-
- qsort(emap, nemap, sizeof emap[0], emapcmp);
- if(getconf("*noe820print") == nil){
- for(i=0; i<nemap; i++){
- e = &emap[i];
- print("E820: %.8llux %.8llux ", e->base, e->base+e->len);
- if(e->type < nelem(etypes))
- print("%s\n", etypes[e->type]);
- else
- print("type=%lud\n", e->type);
- }
- }
- last = 0;
- for(i=0; i<nemap; i++){
- e = &emap[i];
- /*
- * pull out the info but only about the low 32 bits...
- */
- if(e->base >= (1LL<<32))
- break;
- base = e->base;
- if(base+e->len > (1LL<<32))
- len = -base;
- else
- len = e->len;
- /*
- * If the map skips addresses, mark them available.
- */
- if(last < e->base)
- map(last, e->base-last, MemUPA);
- last = base+len;
- if(e->type == Ememory)
- map(base, len, MemRAM);
- else
- map(base, len, MemReserved);
- }
- if(last < (1LL<<32))
- map(last, (u32int)-last, MemUPA);
- return 0;
- }
- void
- meminit(void)
- {
- int i;
- Map *mp;
- Confmem *cm;
- ulong pa, *pte;
- ulong maxmem, lost;
- char *p;
- if(p = getconf("*maxmem"))
- maxmem = strtoul(p, 0, 0);
- else
- maxmem = 0;
- /*
- * Set special attributes for memory between 640KB and 1MB:
- * VGA memory is writethrough;
- * BIOS ROM's/UMB's are uncached;
- * then scan for useful memory.
- */
- for(pa = 0xA0000; pa < 0xC0000; pa += BY2PG){
- pte = mmuwalk(m->pdb, (ulong)KADDR(pa), 2, 0);
- *pte |= PTEWT;
- }
- for(pa = 0xC0000; pa < 0x100000; pa += BY2PG){
- pte = mmuwalk(m->pdb, (ulong)KADDR(pa), 2, 0);
- *pte |= PTEUNCACHED;
- }
- mmuflushtlb(PADDR(m->pdb));
- umbscan();
- lowraminit();
- if(e820scan() < 0)
- ramscan(maxmem);
- /*
- * Set the conf entries describing banks of allocatable memory.
- */
- for(i=0; i<nelem(mapram) && i<nelem(conf.mem); i++){
- mp = &rmapram.map[i];
- cm = &conf.mem[i];
- cm->base = mp->addr;
- cm->npage = mp->size/BY2PG;
- }
-
- lost = 0;
- for(; i<nelem(mapram); i++)
- lost += rmapram.map[i].size;
- if(lost)
- print("meminit - lost %lud bytes\n", lost);
- if(MEMDEBUG)
- memdebug();
- }
- /*
- * Allocate memory from the upper memory blocks.
- */
- ulong
- umbmalloc(ulong addr, int size, int align)
- {
- ulong a;
- if(a = mapalloc(&rmapumb, addr, size, align))
- return (ulong)KADDR(a);
- return 0;
- }
- void
- umbfree(ulong addr, int size)
- {
- mapfree(&rmapumb, PADDR(addr), size);
- }
- ulong
- umbrwmalloc(ulong addr, int size, int align)
- {
- ulong a;
- uchar *p;
- if(a = mapalloc(&rmapumbrw, addr, size, align))
- return(ulong)KADDR(a);
- /*
- * Perhaps the memory wasn't visible before
- * the interface is initialised, so try again.
- */
- if((a = umbmalloc(addr, size, align)) == 0)
- return 0;
- p = (uchar*)a;
- p[0] = 0xCC;
- p[size-1] = 0xCC;
- if(p[0] == 0xCC && p[size-1] == 0xCC)
- return a;
- umbfree(a, size);
- return 0;
- }
- void
- umbrwfree(ulong addr, int size)
- {
- mapfree(&rmapumbrw, PADDR(addr), size);
- }
- /*
- * Give out otherwise-unused physical address space
- * for use in configuring devices. Note that unlike upamalloc
- * before it, upaalloc does not map the physical address
- * into virtual memory. Call vmap to do that.
- */
- ulong
- upaalloc(int size, int align)
- {
- ulong a;
- a = mapalloc(&rmapupa, 0, size, align);
- if(a == 0){
- print("out of physical address space allocating %d\n", size);
- mapprint(&rmapupa);
- }
- return a;
- }
- void
- upafree(ulong pa, int size)
- {
- mapfree(&rmapupa, pa, size);
- }
- void
- upareserve(ulong pa, int size)
- {
- ulong a;
-
- a = mapalloc(&rmapupa, pa, size, 0);
- if(a != pa){
- /*
- * This can happen when we're using the E820
- * map, which might have already reserved some
- * of the regions claimed by the pci devices.
- */
- // print("upareserve: cannot reserve pa=%#.8lux size=%d\n", pa, size);
- if(a != 0)
- mapfree(&rmapupa, a, size);
- }
- }
- void
- memorysummary(void)
- {
- memdebug();
- }
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