reform/reform-trackball-fw/lufa-master/Bootloaders/DFU/BootloaderDFU.txt

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/** \mainpage DFU Class USB AVR Bootloader
 *
 *  \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility:
 *
 *  The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo.
 *
 *  \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7)
 *  \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6)
 *  \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
 *  \li Series 2 USB AVRs (AT90USBxx2, ATMEGAxxU2) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
 *
 *  \section Sec_Info USB Information:
 *
 *  The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo.
 *
 * <table>
 *  <tr>
 *   <td><b>USB Mode:</b></td>
 *   <td>Device</td>
 *  </tr>
 *  <tr>
 *   <td><b>USB Class:</b></td>
 *   <td>Device Firmware Update Class (DFU)</td>
 *  </tr>
 *  <tr>
 *   <td><b>USB Subclass:</b></td>
 *   <td>None</td>
 *  </tr>
 *  <tr>
 *   <td><b>Relevant Standards:</b></td>
 *   <td>USBIF DFU Class Standard, Atmel USB Bootloader Datasheet</td>
 *  </tr>
 *  <tr>
 *   <td><b>Supported USB Speeds:</b></td>
 *   <td>Low Speed Mode \n
 *       Full Speed Mode</td>
 *  </tr>
 * </table>
 *
 *  \section Sec_Description Project Description:
 *
 *  This bootloader enumerates to the host as a DFU Class device, allowing for DFU-compatible programming
 *  software to load firmware onto the AVR.
 *
 *  Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit
 *  into 4KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to
 *  edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile.
 *
 *  When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the
 *  bootloader from the normal user application.
 *
 *  \section Sec_Running Running the Bootloader
 *
 *  On the USB AVR8 devices, setting the \c HWBE device fuse will cause the bootloader to run if the \c HWB pin of
 *  the AVR is grounded when the device is reset.
 *
 *  The are two behaviours of this bootloader, depending on the device's fuses:
 *
 *  <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is set</b>, the bootloader will run any time the system is reset from
 *  the external reset pin, unless no valid user application has been loaded. To initiate the bootloader, the
 *  device's external reset pin should be grounded momentarily.
 *
 *  <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is not set</b>, the bootloader will run only if initiated via a software
 *  jump, or if the \c HWB pin was low during the last device reset (if the \c HWBE fuse is set).
 *
 *  For board specific exceptions to the above, see below.
 *
 *  \subsection SSec_XPLAIN Atmel Xplain Board
 *  Ground the USB AVR JTAG's \c TCK pin to ground when powering on the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the
 *  \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
 *
 *  \subsection SSec_Leonardo Arduino Leonardo Board
 *  Ground \c IO13 when powering the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the
 *  \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
 *
 *  \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation
 *
 *  This bootloader is designed to be compatible with Atmel's provided Windows DFU class drivers. You will need to
 *  install Atmel's DFU drivers prior to using this bootloader on Windows platforms. If you are using a 64 bit Windows
 *  OS, you will need to either disable the driver signing requirement (see online tutorials for details) or use a
 *  digitally signed version of the official Atmel driver provided by a third party AVR user at
 *  <a>http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewItem&item_id=2196&item_type=project</a>.
 *
 *  \note This device spoofs Atmel's DFU Bootloader USB VID and PID so that the Atmel DFU bootloader
 *        drivers included with FLIP will work. If you do not wish to use Atmel's ID codes, please
 *        manually change them in Descriptors.c and alter your driver's INF file accordingly.
 *
 *  \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application
 *
 *  This bootloader is compatible with Atmel's FLIP utility on Windows machines, and dfu-programmer on Linux machines.
 *
 *  \subsection SSec_FLIP FLIP (Windows)
 *
 *  FLIP (Flexible In-System Programmer) is a utility written by Atmel, and distributed for free on the Atmel website.
 *  The FLIP utility is designed to assist in the bootloader programming of a range of Atmel devices, through several
 *  popular physical interfaces including USB. It is written in Java, however makes use of native extensions for USB
 *  support and thus is only offered on Windows.
 *
 *  To program a device using FLIP, refer to the Atmel FLIP documentation.
 *
 *  \subsection SSec_DFUProgrammer dfu-programmer (Linux)
 *
 *  dfu-programmer is an open-source command line solution for the bootloader programming of Atmel devices through a
 *  USB connection, using the DFU protocol, available for download at <a>http://sourceforge.net/projects/dfu-programmer/</a>.
 *
 *  The following example loads a HEX file into the AVR's FLASH memory using dfu-programmer:
 *  \code
 *  dfu-programmer at90usb1287 erase flash Mouse.hex
 *  \endcode
 *
 *  \section Sec_API User Application API
 *
 *  Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader,
 *  allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data.
 *
 *  \warning The APIs exposed by the DFU class bootloader are \b NOT compatible with the API exposed by the official Atmel DFU bootloader.
 *
 *  By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the
 *  following layout:
 *
 *  \code
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE          32
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START         ((FLASHEND + 1UL) - BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE)
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(Index)         (void*)((BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (Index * 2)) / 2)
 *
 *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_ErasePage)(uint32_t Address)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(0);
 *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_WritePage)(uint32_t Address)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(1);
 *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_FillWord)(uint32_t Address, uint16_t Word) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(2);
 *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadSignature)(uint16_t Address)           = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(3);
 *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadFuse)(uint16_t Address)                = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(4);
 *  uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadLock)(void)                            = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(5);
 *  void    (*BootloaderAPI_WriteLock)(uint8_t LockBits)               = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(6);
 *
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START   (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 2))
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE         0xDCFB
 *
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START   (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 4))
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE           0xDF10
 *
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START           (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 8))
 *  #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_LENGTH          4
 *  \endcode
 *
 *  From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address
 *  \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader
 *  can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them
 *  to the value \c BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes of FLASH
 *  memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START.
 *
 *  \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map
 *  The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader.
 *
 *  \verbatim
 *  +----------------------------+ 0x0000
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |      User Application      |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  |                            |
 *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE
 *  | Booloader Start Trampoline |
 *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - (BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE - 4)
 *  |                            |
 *  |     Auxillery Bootloader   |
 *  |  Space for Smaller Devices |
 *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 *  |                            |
 *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE
 *  |                            |
 *  |   Bootloader Application   |
 *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 *  |                            |
 *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96
 *  |   API Table Trampolines    |
 *  | (Not User App. Accessible) |
 *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32
 *  |    Bootloader API Table    |
 *  |   (User App. Accessible)   |
 *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8
 *  |   Bootloader ID Constants  |
 *  |   (User App. Accessible)   |
 *  +----------------------------+ FLASHEND
 *  \endverbatim
 *
 *  \subsection SSec_Aux_Space Auxiliary Bootloader Section
 *  To make the bootloader function on smaller devices (those with a physical
 *  bootloader section of smaller than 6KB)
 *
 *  \section Sec_KnownIssues Known Issues:
 *
 *  \par On Linux machines, the DFU bootloader is inaccessible.
 *  On many Linux systems, non-root users do not have automatic access to newly
 *  inserted DFU devices. Root privileges or a UDEV rule is required to gain
 *  access.
 *  See <a href=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lufa-support/CP9cy2bc8yo/kBqsOu-RBeMJ>here</a> for resolution steps.
 *
 *  \section Sec_Options Project Options
 *
 *  The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value.
 *
 *  <table>
 *   <tr>
 *    <th><b>Define Name:</b></th>
 *    <th><b>Location:</b></th>
 *    <th><b>Description:</b></th>
 *   </tr>
 *   <tr>
 *    <td>SECURE_MODE</td>
 *    <td>AppConfig.h</td>
 *    <td>If defined to \c true, the bootloader will not accept any memory commands other than a chip erase on start-up, until an
 *        erase has been performed. This can be used in conjunction with the AVR's lockbits to prevent the AVRs firmware from
 *        being dumped by unauthorized persons. When false, all memory operations are allowed at any time.</td>
 *   </tr>
 *  </table>
 */