RISCI_ATOM
/
synapse
mirror of https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse.git


			
				
					
						
						
							123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752
							<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js light">
    <head>
        <!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Workers - Synapse</title>
        <!-- Custom HTML head -->
        <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
        <meta name="description" content="">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
        <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />

        <link rel="icon" href="favicon.svg">
        <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.png">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/variables.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/general.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/chrome.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print.css" media="print">
        <!-- Fonts -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="fonts/fonts.css">
        <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="highlight.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="tomorrow-night.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="ayu-highlight.css">

        <!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs/website_files/table-of-contents.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs/website_files/remove-nav-buttons.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs/website_files/indent-section-headers.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs/website_files/version-picker.css">
    </head>
    <body>
        <!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
            var path_to_root = "";
            var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light";
        </script>

        <!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
            try {
                var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
                var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
                if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
                    localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
                }
                if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
                    localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
                }
            } catch (e) { }
        </script>

        <!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
            var theme;
            try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
            if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
            var html = document.querySelector('html');
            html.classList.remove('no-js')
            html.classList.remove('light')
            html.classList.add(theme);
            html.classList.add('js');
        </script>

        <!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
            var html = document.querySelector('html');
            var sidebar = 'hidden';
            if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
                try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
                sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
            }
            html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
            html.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar);
        </script>

        <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
            <div class="sidebar-scrollbox">
                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/installation.html">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/forward_proxy.html">Configuring a Forward/Outbound Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="turn-howto.html">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="delegate.html">Delegation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Upgrading</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="upgrade.html">Upgrading between Synapse Versions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Usage</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="federate.html">Federation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html">Configuration Manual</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/homeserver_sample_config.html">Homeserver Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/logging_sample_config.html">Logging Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="structured_logging.html">Structured Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="templates.html">Templates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/index.html">User Authentication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/index.html">Single-Sign On</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="openid.html">OpenID Connect</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/saml.html">SAML</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/cas.html">CAS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="sso_mapping_providers.html">SSO Mapping Providers</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="password_auth_providers.html">Password Auth Providers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="jwt.html">JSON Web Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/refresh_tokens.html">Refresh Tokens</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="CAPTCHA_SETUP.html">Registration Captcha</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="application_services.html">Application Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="consent_tracking.html">Consent Tracking</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="user_directory.html">User Directory</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="message_retention_policies.html">Message Retention Policies</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/index.html">Pluggable Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/writing_a_module.html">Writing a module</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/spam_checker_callbacks.html">Spam checker callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/third_party_rules_callbacks.html">Third-party rules callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/presence_router_callbacks.html">Presence router callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/account_validity_callbacks.html">Account validity callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/password_auth_provider_callbacks.html">Password auth provider callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/background_update_controller_callbacks.html">Background update controller callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/account_data_callbacks.html">Account data callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/porting_legacy_module.html">Porting a legacy module to the new interface</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="workers.html" class="active">Workers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="synctl_workers.html">Using synctl with Workers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="systemd-with-workers/index.html">Systemd</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/index.html">Administration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/index.html">Admin API</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/account_validity.html">Account Validity</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/background_updates.html">Background Updates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/event_reports.html">Event Reports</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/media_admin_api.html">Media</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/purge_history_api.html">Purge History</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/register_api.html">Register Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/registration_tokens.html">Registration Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/room_membership.html">Manipulate Room Membership</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/rooms.html">Rooms</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/statistics.html">Statistics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/user_admin_api.html">Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/version_api.html">Server Version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/federation.html">Federation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="manhole.html">Manhole</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="metrics-howto.html">Monitoring</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/monitoring/reporting_homeserver_usage_statistics.html">Reporting Homeserver Usage Statistics</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/monthly_active_users.html">Monthly Active Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/understanding_synapse_through_grafana_graphs.html">Understanding Synapse Through Grafana Graphs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/useful_sql_for_admins.html">Useful SQL for Admins</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/database_maintenance_tools.html">Database Maintenance Tools</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/state_groups.html">State Groups</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/request_log.html">Request log format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_faq.html">Admin FAQ</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Scripts</div></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">Development</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/contributing_guide.html">Contributing Guide</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="code_style.html">Code Style</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/reviews.html">Reviewing Code</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/releases.html">Release Cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/git.html">Git Usage</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Testing</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/demo.html">Demo scripts</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="opentracing.html">OpenTracing</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/database_schema.html">Database Schemas</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/experimental_features.html">Experimental features</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/dependencies.html">Dependency management</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Synapse Architecture</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/synapse_architecture/cancellation.html">Cancellation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="log_contexts.html">Log Contexts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="replication.html">Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tcp_replication.html">TCP Replication</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/internal_documentation/index.html">Internal Documentation</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Single Sign-On</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/saml.html">SAML</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/cas.html">CAS</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/room-dag-concepts.html">Room DAG concepts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>State Resolution</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="auth_chain_difference_algorithm.html">The Auth Chain Difference Algorithm</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="media_repository.html">Media Repository</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="room_and_user_statistics.html">Room and User Statistics</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Scripts</div></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Other</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="deprecation_policy.html">Dependency Deprecation Policy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="other/running_synapse_on_single_board_computers.html">Running Synapse on a Single-Board Computer</a></li></ol>
            </div>
            <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div>
        </nav>

        <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">

            <div class="page">
                <div id="menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div>
                <div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky bordered">
                    <div class="left-buttons">
                        <button id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar">
                            <i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
                        </button>
                        <button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list">
                            <i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i>
                        </button>
                        <ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
                            <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light (default)</button></li>
                            <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li>
                            <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li>
                            <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li>
                            <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li>
                        </ul>
                        <button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar">
                            <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
                        </button>
                        <div class="version-picker">
                            <div class="dropdown">
                                <div class="select">
                                    <span></span>
                                    <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i>
                                </div>
                                <input type="hidden" name="version">
                                <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                                    <!-- Versions will be added dynamically in version-picker.js -->
                                </ul>
                            </div>
                        </div>      
                    </div>

                    <h1 class="menu-title">Synapse</h1>

                    <div class="right-buttons">
                        <a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
                            <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i>
                        </a>
                        <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository">
                            <i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i>
                        </a>
                        <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/edit/develop/docs/workers.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit">
                            <i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden">
                    <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
                        <input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
                    </form>
                    <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
                        <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
                        <ul id="searchresults">
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
                <script type="text/javascript">
                    document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
                    document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
                    Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
                        link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
                    });
                </script>

                <div id="content" class="content">
                    <main>
                        <!-- Page table of contents -->
                        <div class="sidetoc">
                            <nav class="pagetoc"></nav>
                        </div>

                        <h1 id="scaling-synapse-via-workers"><a class="header" href="#scaling-synapse-via-workers">Scaling synapse via workers</a></h1>
<p>For small instances it is recommended to run Synapse in the default monolith mode.
For larger instances where performance is a concern it can be helpful to split
out functionality into multiple separate python processes. These processes are
called 'workers', and are (eventually) intended to scale horizontally
independently.</p>
<p>Synapse's worker support is under active development and subject to change as
we attempt to rapidly scale ever larger Synapse instances. However we are
documenting it here to help admins needing a highly scalable Synapse instance
similar to the one running <code>matrix.org</code>.</p>
<p>All processes continue to share the same database instance, and as such,
workers only work with PostgreSQL-based Synapse deployments. SQLite should only
be used for demo purposes and any admin considering workers should already be
running PostgreSQL.</p>
<p>See also <a href="https://matrix.org/blog/2020/11/03/how-we-fixed-synapses-scalability">Matrix.org blog post</a>
for a higher level overview.</p>
<h2 id="main-processworker-communication"><a class="header" href="#main-processworker-communication">Main process/worker communication</a></h2>
<p>The processes communicate with each other via a Synapse-specific protocol called
'replication' (analogous to MySQL- or Postgres-style database replication) which
feeds streams of newly written data between processes so they can be kept in
sync with the database state.</p>
<p>When configured to do so, Synapse uses a
<a href="https://redis.io/docs/manual/pubsub/">Redis pub/sub channel</a> to send the replication
stream between all configured Synapse processes. Additionally, processes may
make HTTP requests to each other, primarily for operations which need to wait
for a reply ─ such as sending an event.</p>
<p>All the workers and the main process connect to Redis, which relays replication
commands between processes.</p>
<p>If Redis support is enabled Synapse will use it as a shared cache, as well as a
pub/sub mechanism.</p>
<p>See the <a href="#architectural-diagram">Architectural diagram</a> section at the end for
a visualisation of what this looks like.</p>
<h2 id="setting-up-workers"><a class="header" href="#setting-up-workers">Setting up workers</a></h2>
<p>A Redis server is required to manage the communication between the processes.
The Redis server should be installed following the normal procedure for your
distribution (e.g. <code>apt install redis-server</code> on Debian). It is safe to use an
existing Redis deployment if you have one.</p>
<p>Once installed, check that Redis is running and accessible from the host running
Synapse, for example by executing <code>echo PING | nc -q1 localhost 6379</code> and seeing
a response of <code>+PONG</code>.</p>
<p>The appropriate dependencies must also be installed for Synapse. If using a
virtualenv, these can be installed with:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">pip install &quot;matrix-synapse[redis]&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Note that these dependencies are included when synapse is installed with <code>pip install matrix-synapse[all]</code>. They are also included in the debian packages from
<code>matrix.org</code> and in the docker images at
https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse/.</p>
<p>To make effective use of the workers, you will need to configure an HTTP
reverse-proxy such as nginx or haproxy, which will direct incoming requests to
the correct worker, or to the main synapse instance. See
<a href="reverse_proxy.html">the reverse proxy documentation</a> for information on setting up a reverse
proxy.</p>
<p>When using workers, each worker process has its own configuration file which
contains settings specific to that worker, such as the HTTP listener that it
provides (if any), logging configuration, etc.</p>
<p>Normally, the worker processes are configured to read from a shared
configuration file as well as the worker-specific configuration files. This
makes it easier to keep common configuration settings synchronised across all
the processes.</p>
<p>The main process is somewhat special in this respect: it does not normally
need its own configuration file and can take all of its configuration from the
shared configuration file.</p>
<h3 id="shared-configuration"><a class="header" href="#shared-configuration">Shared configuration</a></h3>
<p>Normally, only a couple of changes are needed to make an existing configuration
file suitable for use with workers. First, you need to enable an &quot;HTTP replication
listener&quot; for the main process; and secondly, you need to enable redis-based
replication. Optionally, a shared secret can be used to authenticate HTTP
traffic between workers. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml"># extend the existing `listeners` section. This defines the ports that the
# main process will listen on.
listeners:
  # The HTTP replication port
  - port: 9093
    bind_address: '127.0.0.1'
    type: http
    resources:
     - names: [replication]

# Add a random shared secret to authenticate traffic.
worker_replication_secret: &quot;&quot;

redis:
    enabled: true
</code></pre>
<p>See the <a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html">configuration manual</a> for the full documentation of each option.</p>
<p>Under <strong>no circumstances</strong> should the replication listener be exposed to the
public internet; replication traffic is:</p>
<ul>
<li>always unencrypted</li>
<li>unauthenticated, unless <code>worker_replication_secret</code> is configured</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="worker-configuration"><a class="header" href="#worker-configuration">Worker configuration</a></h3>
<p>In the config file for each worker, you must specify:</p>
<ul>
<li>The type of worker (<code>worker_app</code>). The currently available worker applications are listed below.</li>
<li>A unique name for the worker (<code>worker_name</code>).</li>
<li>The HTTP replication endpoint that it should talk to on the main synapse process
(<code>worker_replication_host</code> and <code>worker_replication_http_port</code>)</li>
<li>If handling HTTP requests, a <code>worker_listeners</code> option with an <code>http</code>
listener, in the same way as the <a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#listeners"><code>listeners</code></a>
option in the shared config.</li>
<li>If handling the <code>^/_matrix/client/v3/keys/upload</code> endpoint, the HTTP URI for
the main process (<code>worker_main_http_uri</code>).</li>
</ul>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">worker_app: synapse.app.generic_worker
worker_name: generic_worker1

# The replication listener on the main synapse process.
worker_replication_host: 127.0.0.1
worker_replication_http_port: 9093

worker_main_http_uri: http://localhost:8008/

worker_listeners:
  - type: http
    port: 8083
    resources:
      - names: [client, federation]

worker_log_config: /etc/matrix-synapse/generic-worker-log.yaml
</code></pre>
<p>...is a full configuration for a generic worker instance, which will expose a
plain HTTP endpoint on port 8083 separately serving various endpoints, e.g.
<code>/sync</code>, which are listed below.</p>
<p>Obviously you should configure your reverse-proxy to route the relevant
endpoints to the worker (<code>localhost:8083</code> in the above example).</p>
<h3 id="running-synapse-with-workers"><a class="header" href="#running-synapse-with-workers">Running Synapse with workers</a></h3>
<p>Finally, you need to start your worker processes. This can be done with either
<code>synctl</code> or your distribution's preferred service manager such as <code>systemd</code>. We
recommend the use of <code>systemd</code> where available: for information on setting up
<code>systemd</code> to start synapse workers, see
<a href="systemd-with-workers">Systemd with Workers</a>. To use <code>synctl</code>, see
<a href="synctl_workers.html">Using synctl with Workers</a>.</p>
<h2 id="available-worker-applications"><a class="header" href="#available-worker-applications">Available worker applications</a></h2>
<h3 id="synapseappgeneric_worker"><a class="header" href="#synapseappgeneric_worker"><code>synapse.app.generic_worker</code></a></h3>
<p>This worker can handle API requests matching the following regular expressions.
These endpoints can be routed to any worker. If a worker is set up to handle a
stream then, for maximum efficiency, additional endpoints should be routed to that
worker: refer to the <a href="#stream-writers">stream writers</a> section below for further
information.</p>
<pre><code># Sync requests
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3)/sync$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3)/events$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3)/initialSync$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3)/rooms/[^/]+/initialSync$

# Federation requests
^/_matrix/federation/v1/event/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/state/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/state_ids/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/backfill/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/get_missing_events/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/publicRooms
^/_matrix/federation/v1/query/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/make_join/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/make_leave/
^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/send_join/
^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/send_leave/
^/_matrix/federation/(v1|v2)/invite/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/event_auth/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/exchange_third_party_invite/
^/_matrix/federation/v1/user/devices/
^/_matrix/key/v2/query
^/_matrix/federation/v1/hierarchy/

# Inbound federation transaction request
^/_matrix/federation/v1/send/

# Client API requests
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/createRoom$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/publicRooms$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/joined_members$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/context/.*$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/members$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/state$
^/_matrix/client/v1/rooms/.*/hierarchy$
^/_matrix/client/unstable/org.matrix.msc2716/rooms/.*/batch_send$
^/_matrix/client/unstable/im.nheko.summary/rooms/.*/summary$
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/account/3pid$
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/account/whoami$
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/devices$
^/_matrix/client/versions$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/voip/turnServer$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/event/
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/joined_rooms$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/search$

# Encryption requests
# Note that ^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/keys/upload/ requires `worker_main_http_uri`
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/keys/query$
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/keys/changes$
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/keys/claim$
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/room_keys/
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/keys/upload/

# Registration/login requests
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/login$
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/register$
^/_matrix/client/v1/register/m.login.registration_token/validity$

# Event sending requests
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/redact
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/send
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/state/
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/(join|invite|leave|ban|unban|kick)$
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/join/
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/profile/

# Account data requests
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/.*/tags
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/.*/account_data

# Receipts requests
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/receipt
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/read_markers

# Presence requests
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/presence/

# User directory search requests
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/user_directory/search$
</code></pre>
<p>Additionally, the following REST endpoints can be handled for GET requests:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/pushrules/
</code></pre>
<p>Pagination requests can also be handled, but all requests for a given
room must be routed to the same instance. Additionally, care must be taken to
ensure that the purge history admin API is not used while pagination requests
for the room are in flight:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/messages$
</code></pre>
<p>Additionally, the following endpoints should be included if Synapse is configured
to use SSO (you only need to include the ones for whichever SSO provider you're
using):</p>
<pre><code># for all SSO providers
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/login/sso/redirect
^/_synapse/client/pick_idp$
^/_synapse/client/pick_username
^/_synapse/client/new_user_consent$
^/_synapse/client/sso_register$

# OpenID Connect requests.
^/_synapse/client/oidc/callback$

# SAML requests.
^/_synapse/client/saml2/authn_response$

# CAS requests.
^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/login/cas/ticket$
</code></pre>
<p>Ensure that all SSO logins go to a single process.
For multiple workers not handling the SSO endpoints properly, see
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7530">#7530</a> and
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/9427">#9427</a>.</p>
<p>Note that a <a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#listeners">HTTP listener</a>
with <code>client</code> and <code>federation</code> <code>resources</code> must be configured in the <code>worker_listeners</code>
option in the worker config.</p>
<h4 id="load-balancing"><a class="header" href="#load-balancing">Load balancing</a></h4>
<p>It is possible to run multiple instances of this worker app, with incoming requests
being load-balanced between them by the reverse-proxy. However, different endpoints
have different characteristics and so admins
may wish to run multiple groups of workers handling different endpoints so that
load balancing can be done in different ways.</p>
<p>For <code>/sync</code> and <code>/initialSync</code> requests it will be more efficient if all
requests from a particular user are routed to a single instance. Extracting a
user ID from the access token or <code>Authorization</code> header is currently left as an
exercise for the reader. Admins may additionally wish to separate out <code>/sync</code>
requests that have a <code>since</code> query parameter from those that don't (and
<code>/initialSync</code>), as requests that don't are known as &quot;initial sync&quot; that happens
when a user logs in on a new device and can be <em>very</em> resource intensive, so
isolating these requests will stop them from interfering with other users ongoing
syncs.</p>
<p>Federation and client requests can be balanced via simple round robin.</p>
<p>The inbound federation transaction request <code>^/_matrix/federation/v1/send/</code>
should be balanced by source IP so that transactions from the same remote server
go to the same process.</p>
<p>Registration/login requests can be handled separately purely to help ensure that
unexpected load doesn't affect new logins and sign ups.</p>
<p>Finally, event sending requests can be balanced by the room ID in the URI (or
the full URI, or even just round robin), the room ID is the path component after
<code>/rooms/</code>. If there is a large bridge connected that is sending or may send lots
of events, then a dedicated set of workers can be provisioned to limit the
effects of bursts of events from that bridge on events sent by normal users.</p>
<h4 id="stream-writers"><a class="header" href="#stream-writers">Stream writers</a></h4>
<p>Additionally, the writing of specific streams (such as events) can be moved off
of the main process to a particular worker.</p>
<p>To enable this, the worker must have a
<a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#listeners">HTTP <code>replication</code> listener</a> configured,
have a <code>worker_name</code> and be listed in the <code>instance_map</code> config. The same worker
can handle multiple streams, but unless otherwise documented, each stream can only
have a single writer.</p>
<p>For example, to move event persistence off to a dedicated worker, the shared
configuration would include:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">instance_map:
    event_persister1:
        host: localhost
        port: 8034

stream_writers:
    events: event_persister1
</code></pre>
<p>An example for a stream writer instance:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">worker_app: synapse.app.generic_worker
worker_name: event_persister1 

# The replication listener on the main synapse process.
worker_replication_host: 127.0.0.1
worker_replication_http_port: 9093

worker_listeners:
  - type: http
    port: 8034
    resources:
      - names: [replication]

  # Enable listener if this stream writer handles endpoints for the `typing` or
  # `to_device` streams. Uses a different port to the `replication` listener to
  # avoid exposing the `replication` listener publicly.
  #
  #- type: http
  #  port: 8035
  #  resources:
  #    - names: [client]

worker_log_config: /etc/matrix-synapse/event-persister-log.yaml
</code></pre>
<p>Some of the streams have associated endpoints which, for maximum efficiency, should
be routed to the workers handling that stream. See below for the currently supported
streams and the endpoints associated with them:</p>
<h5 id="the-events-stream"><a class="header" href="#the-events-stream">The <code>events</code> stream</a></h5>
<p>The <code>events</code> stream experimentally supports having multiple writers, where work
is sharded between them by room ID. Note that you <em>must</em> restart all worker
instances when adding or removing event persisters. An example <code>stream_writers</code>
configuration with multiple writers:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">stream_writers:
    events:
        - event_persister1
        - event_persister2
</code></pre>
<h5 id="the-typing-stream"><a class="header" href="#the-typing-stream">The <code>typing</code> stream</a></h5>
<p>The following endpoints should be routed directly to the worker configured as
the stream writer for the <code>typing</code> stream:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/typing
</code></pre>
<h5 id="the-to_device-stream"><a class="header" href="#the-to_device-stream">The <code>to_device</code> stream</a></h5>
<p>The following endpoints should be routed directly to the worker configured as
the stream writer for the <code>to_device</code> stream:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/sendToDevice/
</code></pre>
<h5 id="the-account_data-stream"><a class="header" href="#the-account_data-stream">The <code>account_data</code> stream</a></h5>
<p>The following endpoints should be routed directly to the worker configured as
the stream writer for the <code>account_data</code> stream:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/.*/tags
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/.*/account_data
</code></pre>
<h5 id="the-receipts-stream"><a class="header" href="#the-receipts-stream">The <code>receipts</code> stream</a></h5>
<p>The following endpoints should be routed directly to the worker configured as
the stream writer for the <code>receipts</code> stream:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/receipt
^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/rooms/.*/read_markers
</code></pre>
<h5 id="the-presence-stream"><a class="header" href="#the-presence-stream">The <code>presence</code> stream</a></h5>
<p>The following endpoints should be routed directly to the worker configured as
the stream writer for the <code>presence</code> stream:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(api/v1|r0|v3|unstable)/presence/
</code></pre>
<h4 id="background-tasks"><a class="header" href="#background-tasks">Background tasks</a></h4>
<p>There is also support for moving background tasks to a separate
worker. Background tasks are run periodically or started via replication. Exactly
which tasks are configured to run depends on your Synapse configuration (e.g. if
stats is enabled). This worker doesn't handle any REST endpoints itself.</p>
<p>To enable this, the worker must have a <code>worker_name</code> and can be configured to run
background tasks. For example, to move background tasks to a dedicated worker,
the shared configuration would include:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">run_background_tasks_on: background_worker
</code></pre>
<p>You might also wish to investigate the <code>update_user_directory_from_worker</code> and
<code>media_instance_running_background_jobs</code> settings.</p>
<p>An example for a dedicated background worker instance:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">worker_app: synapse.app.generic_worker
worker_name: background_worker

# The replication listener on the main synapse process.
worker_replication_host: 127.0.0.1
worker_replication_http_port: 9093

worker_log_config: /etc/matrix-synapse/background-worker-log.yaml
</code></pre>
<h4 id="updating-the-user-directory"><a class="header" href="#updating-the-user-directory">Updating the User Directory</a></h4>
<p>You can designate one generic worker to update the user directory.</p>
<p>Specify its name in the shared configuration as follows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">update_user_directory_from_worker: worker_name
</code></pre>
<p>This work cannot be load-balanced; please ensure the main process is restarted
after setting this option in the shared configuration!</p>
<p>User directory updates allow REST endpoints matching the following regular
expressions to work:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/user_directory/search$
</code></pre>
<p>The above endpoints can be routed to any worker, though you may choose to route
it to the chosen user directory worker.</p>
<p>This style of configuration supersedes the legacy <code>synapse.app.user_dir</code>
worker application type.</p>
<h4 id="notifying-application-services"><a class="header" href="#notifying-application-services">Notifying Application Services</a></h4>
<p>You can designate one generic worker to send output traffic to Application Services.
Doesn't handle any REST endpoints itself, but you should specify its name in the
shared configuration as follows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">notify_appservices_from_worker: worker_name
</code></pre>
<p>This work cannot be load-balanced; please ensure the main process is restarted
after setting this option in the shared configuration!</p>
<p>This style of configuration supersedes the legacy <code>synapse.app.appservice</code>
worker application type.</p>
<h3 id="synapseapppusher"><a class="header" href="#synapseapppusher"><code>synapse.app.pusher</code></a></h3>
<p>Handles sending push notifications to sygnal and email. Doesn't handle any
REST endpoints itself, but you should set <code>start_pushers: False</code> in the
shared configuration file to stop the main synapse sending push notifications.</p>
<p>To run multiple instances at once the <code>pusher_instances</code> option should list all
pusher instances by their worker name, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">pusher_instances:
    - pusher_worker1
    - pusher_worker2
</code></pre>
<h3 id="synapseappappservice"><a class="header" href="#synapseappappservice"><code>synapse.app.appservice</code></a></h3>
<p><strong>Deprecated as of Synapse v1.59.</strong> <a href="#notifying-application-services">Use <code>synapse.app.generic_worker</code> with the
<code>notify_appservices_from_worker</code> option instead.</a></p>
<p>Handles sending output traffic to Application Services. Doesn't handle any
REST endpoints itself, but you should set <code>notify_appservices: False</code> in the
shared configuration file to stop the main synapse sending appservice notifications.</p>
<p>Note this worker cannot be load-balanced: only one instance should be active.</p>
<h3 id="synapseappfederation_sender"><a class="header" href="#synapseappfederation_sender"><code>synapse.app.federation_sender</code></a></h3>
<p>Handles sending federation traffic to other servers. Doesn't handle any
REST endpoints itself, but you should set <code>send_federation: False</code> in the
shared configuration file to stop the main synapse sending this traffic.</p>
<p>If running multiple federation senders then you must list each
instance in the <code>federation_sender_instances</code> option by their <code>worker_name</code>.
All instances must be stopped and started when adding or removing instances.
For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">federation_sender_instances:
    - federation_sender1
    - federation_sender2
</code></pre>
<h3 id="synapseappmedia_repository"><a class="header" href="#synapseappmedia_repository"><code>synapse.app.media_repository</code></a></h3>
<p>Handles the media repository. It can handle all endpoints starting with:</p>
<pre><code>/_matrix/media/
</code></pre>
<p>... and the following regular expressions matching media-specific administration APIs:</p>
<pre><code>^/_synapse/admin/v1/purge_media_cache$
^/_synapse/admin/v1/room/.*/media.*$
^/_synapse/admin/v1/user/.*/media.*$
^/_synapse/admin/v1/media/.*$
^/_synapse/admin/v1/quarantine_media/.*$
^/_synapse/admin/v1/users/.*/media$
</code></pre>
<p>You should also set <code>enable_media_repo: False</code> in the shared configuration
file to stop the main synapse running background jobs related to managing the
media repository. Note that doing so will prevent the main process from being
able to handle the above endpoints.</p>
<p>In the <code>media_repository</code> worker configuration file, configure the
<a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#listeners">HTTP listener</a> to
expose the <code>media</code> resource. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">worker_app: synapse.app.media_repository
worker_name: media_worker

# The replication listener on the main synapse process.
worker_replication_host: 127.0.0.1
worker_replication_http_port: 9093

worker_listeners:
  - type: http
    port: 8085
    resources:
      - names: [media]

worker_log_config: /etc/matrix-synapse/media-worker-log.yaml
</code></pre>
<p>Note that if running multiple media repositories they must be on the same server
and you must configure a single instance to run the background tasks, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">media_instance_running_background_jobs: &quot;media-repository-1&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Note that if a reverse proxy is used , then <code>/_matrix/media/</code> must be routed for both inbound client and federation requests (if they are handled separately).</p>
<h3 id="synapseappuser_dir"><a class="header" href="#synapseappuser_dir"><code>synapse.app.user_dir</code></a></h3>
<p><strong>Deprecated as of Synapse v1.59.</strong> <a href="#updating-the-user-directory">Use <code>synapse.app.generic_worker</code> with the
<code>update_user_directory_from_worker</code> option instead.</a></p>
<p>Handles searches in the user directory. It can handle REST endpoints matching
the following regular expressions:</p>
<pre><code>^/_matrix/client/(r0|v3|unstable)/user_directory/search$
</code></pre>
<p>When using this worker you must also set <code>update_user_directory: false</code> in the
shared configuration file to stop the main synapse running background
jobs related to updating the user directory.</p>
<p>Above endpoint is not <em>required</em> to be routed to this worker. By default,
<code>update_user_directory</code> is set to <code>true</code>, which means the main process
will handle updates. All workers configured with <code>client</code> can handle the above
endpoint as long as either this worker or the main process are configured to
handle it, and are online.</p>
<p>If <code>update_user_directory</code> is set to <code>false</code>, and this worker is not running,
the above endpoint may give outdated results.</p>
<h3 id="historical-apps"><a class="header" href="#historical-apps">Historical apps</a></h3>
<p>The following used to be separate worker application types, but are now
equivalent to <code>synapse.app.generic_worker</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>synapse.app.client_reader</code></li>
<li><code>synapse.app.event_creator</code></li>
<li><code>synapse.app.federation_reader</code></li>
<li><code>synapse.app.frontend_proxy</code></li>
<li><code>synapse.app.synchrotron</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="migration-from-old-config"><a class="header" href="#migration-from-old-config">Migration from old config</a></h2>
<p>A main change that has occurred is the merging of worker apps into
<code>synapse.app.generic_worker</code>. This change is backwards compatible and so no
changes to the config are required.</p>
<p>To migrate apps to use <code>synapse.app.generic_worker</code> simply update the
<code>worker_app</code> option in the worker configs, and where worker are started (e.g.
in systemd service files, but not required for synctl).</p>
<h2 id="architectural-diagram"><a class="header" href="#architectural-diagram">Architectural diagram</a></h2>
<p>The following shows an example setup using Redis and a reverse proxy:</p>
<pre><code>                     Clients &amp; Federation
                              |
                              v
                        +-----------+
                        |           |
                        |  Reverse  |
                        |  Proxy    |
                        |           |
                        +-----------+
                            | | |
                            | | | HTTP requests
        +-------------------+ | +-----------+
        |                 +---+             |
        |                 |                 |
        v                 v                 v
+--------------+  +--------------+  +--------------+  +--------------+
|   Main       |  |   Generic    |  |   Generic    |  |  Event       |
|   Process    |  |   Worker 1   |  |   Worker 2   |  |  Persister   |
+--------------+  +--------------+  +--------------+  +--------------+
      ^    ^          |   ^   |         |   ^   |         |   ^   ^
      |    |          |   |   |         |   |   |         |   |   |
      |    |          |   |   |  HTTP   |   |   |         |   |   |
      |    +----------+&lt;--|---|---------+&lt;--|---|---------+   |   |
      |                   |   +-------------|--&gt;+-------------+   |
      |                   |                 |                     |
      |                   |                 |                     |
      v                   v                 v                     v
======================================================================
                                                         Redis pub/sub channel
</code></pre>

                    </main>

                    <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
                        <!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
                            <a rel="prev" href="modules/porting_legacy_module.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
                                <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
                            </a>
                            <a rel="next" href="synctl_workers.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
                                <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
                            </a>
                        <div style="clear: both"></div>
                    </nav>
                </div>
            </div>

            <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
                    <a rel="prev" href="modules/porting_legacy_module.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
                        <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
                    </a>
                    <a rel="next" href="synctl_workers.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
                        <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
                    </a>
            </nav>

        </div>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            window.playground_copyable = true;
        </script>
        <script src="elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <script src="mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <script src="searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <script src="clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <script src="highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <script src="book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>

        <!-- Custom JS scripts -->
        <script type="text/javascript" src="docs/website_files/table-of-contents.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="docs/website_files/version-picker.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="docs/website_files/version.js"></script>
    </body>
</html>