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- <h1 id="writing-a-module"><a class="header" href="#writing-a-module">Writing a module</a></h1>
- <p>A module is a Python class that uses Synapse's module API to interact with the
- homeserver. It can register callbacks that Synapse will call on specific operations, as
- well as web resources to attach to Synapse's web server.</p>
- <p>When instantiated, a module is given its parsed configuration as well as an instance of
- the <code>synapse.module_api.ModuleApi</code> class. The configuration is a dictionary, and is
- either the output of the module's <code>parse_config</code> static method (see below), or the
- configuration associated with the module in Synapse's configuration file.</p>
- <p>See the documentation for the <code>ModuleApi</code> class
- <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/synapse/module_api/__init__.py">here</a>.</p>
- <h2 id="when-synapse-runs-with-several-modules-configured"><a class="header" href="#when-synapse-runs-with-several-modules-configured">When Synapse runs with several modules configured</a></h2>
- <p>If Synapse is running with other modules configured, the order each module appears in
- within the <code>modules</code> section of the Synapse configuration file might restrict what it can
- or cannot register. See <a href="index.html#using-multiple-modules">this section</a> for more
- information.</p>
- <p>On top of the rules listed in the link above, if a callback returns a value that should
- cause the current operation to fail (e.g. if a callback checking an event returns with a
- value that should cause the event to be denied), Synapse will fail the operation and
- ignore any subsequent callbacks that should have been run after this one.</p>
- <p>The documentation for each callback mentions how Synapse behaves when
- multiple modules implement it.</p>
- <h2 id="handling-the-modules-configuration"><a class="header" href="#handling-the-modules-configuration">Handling the module's configuration</a></h2>
- <p>A module can implement the following static method:</p>
- <pre><code class="language-python">@staticmethod
- def parse_config(config: dict) -> Any
- </code></pre>
- <p>This method is given a dictionary resulting from parsing the YAML configuration for the
- module. It may modify it (for example by parsing durations expressed as strings (e.g.
- "5d") into milliseconds, etc.), and return the modified dictionary. It may also verify
- that the configuration is correct, and raise an instance of
- <code>synapse.module_api.errors.ConfigError</code> if not.</p>
- <h2 id="registering-a-web-resource"><a class="header" href="#registering-a-web-resource">Registering a web resource</a></h2>
- <p>Modules can register web resources onto Synapse's web server using the following module
- API method:</p>
- <pre><code class="language-python">def ModuleApi.register_web_resource(path: str, resource: IResource) -> None
- </code></pre>
- <p>The path is the full absolute path to register the resource at. For example, if you
- register a resource for the path <code>/_synapse/client/my_super_module/say_hello</code>, Synapse
- will serve it at <code>http(s)://[HS_URL]/_synapse/client/my_super_module/say_hello</code>. Note
- that Synapse does not allow registering resources for several sub-paths in the <code>/_matrix</code>
- namespace (such as anything under <code>/_matrix/client</code> for example). It is strongly
- recommended that modules register their web resources under the <code>/_synapse/client</code>
- namespace.</p>
- <p>The provided resource is a Python class that implements Twisted's <a href="https://docs.twistedmatrix.com/en/stable/api/twisted.web.resource.IResource.html">IResource</a>
- interface (such as <a href="https://docs.twistedmatrix.com/en/stable/api/twisted.web.resource.Resource.html">Resource</a>).</p>
- <p>Only one resource can be registered for a given path. If several modules attempt to
- register a resource for the same path, the module that appears first in Synapse's
- configuration file takes priority.</p>
- <p>Modules <strong>must</strong> register their web resources in their <code>__init__</code> method.</p>
- <h2 id="registering-a-callback"><a class="header" href="#registering-a-callback">Registering a callback</a></h2>
- <p>Modules can use Synapse's module API to register callbacks. Callbacks are functions that
- Synapse will call when performing specific actions. Callbacks must be asynchronous (unless
- specified otherwise), and are split in categories. A single module may implement callbacks
- from multiple categories, and is under no obligation to implement all callbacks from the
- categories it registers callbacks for.</p>
- <p>Modules can register callbacks using one of the module API's <code>register_[...]_callbacks</code>
- methods. The callback functions are passed to these methods as keyword arguments, with
- the callback name as the argument name and the function as its value. A
- <code>register_[...]_callbacks</code> method exists for each category.</p>
- <p>Callbacks for each category can be found on their respective page of the
- <a href="https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse">Synapse documentation website</a>.</p>
- <h2 id="caching"><a class="header" href="#caching">Caching</a></h2>
- <p><em>Added in Synapse 1.74.0.</em></p>
- <p>Modules can leverage Synapse's caching tools to manage their own cached functions. This
- can be helpful for modules that need to repeatedly request the same data from the database
- or a remote service.</p>
- <p>Functions that need to be wrapped with a cache need to be decorated with a <code>@cached()</code>
- decorator (which can be imported from <code>synapse.module_api</code>) and registered with the
- <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.77/synapse/module_api/__init__.py#L888"><code>ModuleApi.register_cached_function</code></a>
- API when initialising the module. If the module needs to invalidate an entry in a cache,
- it needs to use the <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.77/synapse/module_api/__init__.py#L904"><code>ModuleApi.invalidate_cache</code></a>
- API, with the function to invalidate the cache of and the key(s) of the entry to
- invalidate.</p>
- <p>Below is an example of a simple module using a cached function:</p>
- <pre><code class="language-python">from typing import Any
- from synapse.module_api import cached, ModuleApi
- class MyModule:
- def __init__(self, config: Any, api: ModuleApi):
- self.api = api
-
- # Register the cached function so Synapse knows how to correctly invalidate
- # entries for it.
- self.api.register_cached_function(self.get_user_from_id)
- @cached()
- async def get_department_for_user(self, user_id: str) -> str:
- """A function with a cache."""
- # Request a department from an external service.
- return await self.http_client.get_json(
- "https://int.example.com/users", {"user_id": user_id)
- )["department"]
- async def do_something_with_users(self) -> None:
- """Calls the cached function and then invalidates an entry in its cache."""
-
- user_id = "@alice:example.com"
-
- # Get the user. Since get_department_for_user is wrapped with a cache,
- # the return value for this user_id will be cached.
- department = await self.get_department_for_user(user_id)
-
- # Do something with `department`...
-
- # Let's say something has changed with our user, and the entry we have for
- # them in the cache is out of date, so we want to invalidate it.
- await self.api.invalidate_cache(self.get_department_for_user, (user_id,))
- </code></pre>
- <p>See the <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.77/synapse/module_api/__init__.py#L190"><code>cached</code> docstring</a> for more details.</p>
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