RISCI_ATOM
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synapse
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                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../setup/installation.html" class="active">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../setup/forward_proxy.html">Configuring a Forward/Outbound Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../turn-howto.html">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../delegate.html">Delegation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Upgrading</li><li class="chapter-item expanded 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                    <h1 class="menu-title">Synapse</h1>

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                        <h1 id="installation-instructions"><a class="header" href="#installation-instructions">Installation Instructions</a></h1>
<h2 id="choosing-your-server-name"><a class="header" href="#choosing-your-server-name">Choosing your server name</a></h2>
<p>It is important to choose the name for your server before you install Synapse,
because it cannot be changed later.</p>
<p>The server name determines the &quot;domain&quot; part of user-ids for users on your
server: these will all be of the format <code>@user:my.domain.name</code>. It also
determines how other matrix servers will reach yours for federation.</p>
<p>For a test configuration, set this to the hostname of your server. For a more
production-ready setup, you will probably want to specify your domain
(<code>example.com</code>) rather than a matrix-specific hostname here (in the same way
that your email address is probably <code>user@example.com</code> rather than
<code>user@email.example.com</code>) - but doing so may require more advanced setup: see
<a href="../federate.html">Setting up Federation</a>.</p>
<h2 id="installing-synapse"><a class="header" href="#installing-synapse">Installing Synapse</a></h2>
<h3 id="prebuilt-packages"><a class="header" href="#prebuilt-packages">Prebuilt packages</a></h3>
<p>Prebuilt packages are available for a number of platforms. These are recommended
for most users.</p>
<h4 id="docker-images-and-ansible-playbooks"><a class="header" href="#docker-images-and-ansible-playbooks">Docker images and Ansible playbooks</a></h4>
<p>There is an official synapse image available at
<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse">https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse</a> which can be used with
the docker-compose file available at
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tree/develop/contrib/docker">contrib/docker</a>.
Further information on this including configuration options is available in the README
on hub.docker.com.</p>
<p>Alternatively, Andreas Peters (previously Silvio Fricke) has contributed a
Dockerfile to automate a synapse server in a single Docker image, at
<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/avhost/docker-matrix/tags/">https://hub.docker.com/r/avhost/docker-matrix/tags/</a></p>
<p>Slavi Pantaleev has created an Ansible playbook,
which installs the offical Docker image of Matrix Synapse
along with many other Matrix-related services (Postgres database, Element, coturn,
ma1sd, SSL support, etc.).
For more details, see
<a href="https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy">https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy</a></p>
<h4 id="debianubuntu"><a class="header" href="#debianubuntu">Debian/Ubuntu</a></h4>
<h5 id="matrixorg-packages"><a class="header" href="#matrixorg-packages">Matrix.org packages</a></h5>
<p>Matrix.org provides Debian/Ubuntu packages of Synapse, for the amd64
architecture via <a href="https://packages.matrix.org/debian/">https://packages.matrix.org/debian/</a>.</p>
<p>To install the latest release:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt install -y lsb-release wget apt-transport-https
sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg
echo &quot;deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main&quot; |
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3
</code></pre>
<p>Packages are also published for release candidates. To enable the prerelease
channel, add <code>prerelease</code> to the <code>sources.list</code> line. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg
echo &quot;deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main prerelease&quot; |
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3
</code></pre>
<p>The fingerprint of the repository signing key (as shown by <code>gpg /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg</code>) is
<code>AAF9AE843A7584B5A3E4CD2BCF45A512DE2DA058</code>.</p>
<h5 id="downstream-debian-packages"><a class="header" href="#downstream-debian-packages">Downstream Debian packages</a></h5>
<p>We do not recommend using the packages from the default Debian <code>buster</code>
repository at this time, as they are old and suffer from known security
vulnerabilities. You can install the latest version of Synapse from
<a href="#matrixorg-packages">our repository</a> or from <code>buster-backports</code>. Please
see the <a href="https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/">Debian documentation</a>
for information on how to use backports.</p>
<p>If you are using Debian <code>sid</code> or testing, Synapse is available in the default
repositories and it should be possible to install it simply with:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt install matrix-synapse
</code></pre>
<h5 id="downstream-ubuntu-packages"><a class="header" href="#downstream-ubuntu-packages">Downstream Ubuntu packages</a></h5>
<p>We do not recommend using the packages in the default Ubuntu repository
at this time, as they are old and suffer from known security vulnerabilities.
The latest version of Synapse can be installed from <a href="#matrixorg-packages">our repository</a>.</p>
<h4 id="fedora"><a class="header" href="#fedora">Fedora</a></h4>
<p>Synapse is in the Fedora repositories as <code>matrix-synapse</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo dnf install matrix-synapse
</code></pre>
<p>Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at
<a href="https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse">https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse</a></p>
<h4 id="opensuse"><a class="header" href="#opensuse">OpenSUSE</a></h4>
<p>Synapse is in the OpenSUSE repositories as <code>matrix-synapse</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo zypper install matrix-synapse
</code></pre>
<h4 id="suse-linux-enterprise-server"><a class="header" href="#suse-linux-enterprise-server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a></h4>
<p>Unofficial package are built for SLES 15 in the openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15 repository at
<a href="https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/openSUSE:/Backports:/SLE-15/standard/">https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/openSUSE:/Backports:/SLE-15/standard/</a></p>
<h4 id="archlinux"><a class="header" href="#archlinux">ArchLinux</a></h4>
<p>The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with the community package
<a href="https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/matrix-synapse/">https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/matrix-synapse/</a>, which should pull in most of
the necessary dependencies.</p>
<p>pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 ):</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo pip install --upgrade pip
</code></pre>
<p>If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class:
ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly
compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if
installing under virtualenv):</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo pip uninstall py-bcrypt
sudo pip install py-bcrypt
</code></pre>
<h4 id="void-linux"><a class="header" href="#void-linux">Void Linux</a></h4>
<p>Synapse can be found in the void repositories as 'synapse':</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">xbps-install -Su
xbps-install -S synapse
</code></pre>
<h4 id="freebsd"><a class="header" href="#freebsd">FreeBSD</a></h4>
<p>Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ports: <code>cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse &amp;&amp; make install clean</code></li>
<li>Packages: <code>pkg install py37-matrix-synapse</code></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="openbsd"><a class="header" href="#openbsd">OpenBSD</a></h4>
<p>As of OpenBSD 6.7 Synapse is available as a pre-compiled binary. The filesystem
underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to <code>/var/synapse</code>) has to be
mounted with <code>wxallowed</code> (cf. <code>mount(8)</code>), so creating a separate filesystem
and mounting it to <code>/var/synapse</code> should be taken into consideration.</p>
<p>Installing Synapse:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">doas pkg_add synapse
</code></pre>
<h4 id="nixos"><a class="header" href="#nixos">NixOS</a></h4>
<p>Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at:
<a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix">https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix</a></p>
<h3 id="installing-as-a-python-module-from-pypi"><a class="header" href="#installing-as-a-python-module-from-pypi">Installing as a Python module from PyPI</a></h3>
<p>It's also possible to install Synapse as a Python module from PyPI.</p>
<p>When following this route please make sure that the <a href="#platform-specific-prerequisites">Platform-specific prerequisites</a> are already installed.</p>
<p>System requirements:</p>
<ul>
<li>POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux &amp; OS X)</li>
<li>Python 3.6 or later, up to Python 3.9.</li>
<li>At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org</li>
</ul>
<p>To install the Synapse homeserver run:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir -p ~/synapse
virtualenv -p python3 ~/synapse/env
source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade setuptools
pip install matrix-synapse
</code></pre>
<p>This will download Synapse from <a href="https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse">PyPI</a>
and install it, along with the python libraries it uses, into a virtual environment
under <code>~/synapse/env</code>.  Feel free to pick a different directory if you
prefer.</p>
<p>This Synapse installation can then be later upgraded by using pip again with the
update flag:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
pip install -U matrix-synapse
</code></pre>
<p>Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration
file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before):</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd ~/synapse
python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
    --server-name my.domain.name \
    --config-path homeserver.yaml \
    --generate-config \
    --report-stats=[yes|no]
</code></pre>
<p>... substituting an appropriate value for <code>--server-name</code>.</p>
<p>This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will
also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your homeserver to
identify itself to other homeserver, so don't lose or delete them. It would be
wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to
change your homeserver's keys, you may find that other homeserver have the
old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the
key in the <code>&lt;server name&gt;.signing.key</code> file (the second word) to something
different. See the <a href="https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest.html#retrieving-server-keys">spec</a> for more information on key management).</p>
<p>To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to
run (e.g. <code>~/synapse</code>), and:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd ~/synapse
source env/bin/activate
synctl start
</code></pre>
<h4 id="platform-specific-prerequisites"><a class="header" href="#platform-specific-prerequisites">Platform-specific prerequisites</a></h4>
<p>Synapse is written in Python but some of the libraries it uses are written in
C. So before we can install Synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the
header files for Python C extensions.</p>
<h5 id="debianubunturaspbian"><a class="header" href="#debianubunturaspbian">Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian</a></h5>
<p>Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt install build-essential python3-dev libffi-dev \
                     python3-pip python3-setuptools sqlite3 \
                     libssl-dev virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev
</code></pre>
<h5 id="archlinux-1"><a class="header" href="#archlinux-1">ArchLinux</a></h5>
<p>Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo pacman -S base-devel python python-pip \
               python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3
</code></pre>
<h5 id="centosfedora"><a class="header" href="#centosfedora">CentOS/Fedora</a></h5>
<p>Installing prerequisites on CentOS or Fedora Linux:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo dnf install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \
                 libwebp-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel libpq-devel \
                 python3-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel python3-devel
sudo dnf groupinstall &quot;Development Tools&quot;
</code></pre>
<h5 id="macos"><a class="header" href="#macos">macOS</a></h5>
<p>Installing prerequisites on macOS:</p>
<p>You may need to install the latest Xcode developer tools:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">xcode-select --install
</code></pre>
<p>On ARM-based Macs you may need to explicitly install libjpeg which is a pillow dependency. You can use Homebrew (https://brew.sh):</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh"> brew install jpeg
</code></pre>
<p>On macOS Catalina (10.15) you may need to explicitly install OpenSSL
via brew and inform <code>pip</code> about it so that <code>psycopg2</code> builds:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">brew install openssl@1.1
export LDFLAGS=&quot;-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib&quot;
export CPPFLAGS=&quot;-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include&quot;
</code></pre>
<h5 id="opensuse-1"><a class="header" href="#opensuse-1">OpenSUSE</a></h5>
<p>Installing prerequisites on openSUSE:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo zypper in -t pattern devel_basis
sudo zypper in python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 python-virtualenv \
               python-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel libjpeg62-devel
</code></pre>
<h5 id="openbsd-1"><a class="header" href="#openbsd-1">OpenBSD</a></h5>
<p>A port of Synapse is available under <code>net/synapse</code>. The filesystem
underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to <code>/var/synapse</code>) has to be
mounted with <code>wxallowed</code> (cf. <code>mount(8)</code>), so creating a separate filesystem
and mounting it to <code>/var/synapse</code> should be taken into consideration.</p>
<p>To be able to build Synapse's dependency on python the <code>WRKOBJDIR</code>
(cf. <code>bsd.port.mk(5)</code>) for building python, too, needs to be on a filesystem
mounted with <code>wxallowed</code> (cf. <code>mount(8)</code>).</p>
<p>Creating a <code>WRKOBJDIR</code> for building python under <code>/usr/local</code> (which on a
default OpenBSD installation is mounted with <code>wxallowed</code>):</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">doas mkdir /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed
</code></pre>
<p>Assuming <code>PORTS_PRIVSEP=Yes</code> (cf. <code>bsd.port.mk(5)</code>) and <code>SUDO=doas</code> are
configured in <code>/etc/mk.conf</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">doas chown _pbuild:_pbuild /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed
</code></pre>
<p>Setting the <code>WRKOBJDIR</code> for building python:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">echo WRKOBJDIR_lang/python/3.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed  \\nWRKOBJDIR_lang/python/2.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed &gt;&gt; /etc/mk.conf
</code></pre>
<p>Building Synapse:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd /usr/ports/net/synapse
make install
</code></pre>
<h5 id="windows"><a class="header" href="#windows">Windows</a></h5>
<p>If you wish to run or develop Synapse on Windows, the Windows Subsystem For
Linux provides a Linux environment on Windows 10 which is capable of using the
Debian, Fedora, or source installation methods. More information about WSL can
be found at <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10</a> for
Windows 10 and <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server</a>
for Windows Server.</p>
<h2 id="setting-up-synapse"><a class="header" href="#setting-up-synapse">Setting up Synapse</a></h2>
<p>Once you have installed synapse as above, you will need to configure it.</p>
<h3 id="using-postgresql"><a class="header" href="#using-postgresql">Using PostgreSQL</a></h3>
<p>By default Synapse uses an <a href="https://sqlite.org/">SQLite</a> database and in doing so trades
performance for convenience. Almost all installations should opt to use <a href="https://www.postgresql.org">PostgreSQL</a>
instead. Advantages include:</p>
<ul>
<li>significant performance improvements due to the superior threading and
caching model, smarter query optimiser</li>
<li>allowing the DB to be run on separate hardware</li>
</ul>
<p>For information on how to install and use PostgreSQL in Synapse, please see
<a href="../postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></p>
<p>SQLite is only acceptable for testing purposes. SQLite should not be used in
a production server. Synapse will perform poorly when using
SQLite, especially when participating in large rooms.</p>
<h3 id="tls-certificates"><a class="header" href="#tls-certificates">TLS certificates</a></h3>
<p>The default configuration exposes a single HTTP port on the local
interface: <code>http://localhost:8008</code>. It is suitable for local testing,
but for any practical use, you will need Synapse's APIs to be served
over HTTPS.</p>
<p>The recommended way to do so is to set up a reverse proxy on port
<code>8448</code>. You can find documentation on doing so in
<a href="../reverse_proxy.html">the reverse proxy documentation</a>.</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can configure Synapse to expose an HTTPS port. To do
so, you will need to edit <code>homeserver.yaml</code>, as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>First, under the <code>listeners</code> section, uncomment the configuration for the
TLS-enabled listener. (Remove the hash sign (<code>#</code>) at the start of
each line). The relevant lines are like this:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">  - port: 8448
    type: http
    tls: true
    resources:
      - names: [client, federation]
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>
<p>You will also need to uncomment the <code>tls_certificate_path</code> and
<code>tls_private_key_path</code> lines under the <code>TLS</code> section. You will need to manage
provisioning of these certificates yourself.</p>
<p>If you are using your own certificate, be sure to use a <code>.pem</code> file that
includes the full certificate chain including any intermediate certificates
(for instance, if using certbot, use <code>fullchain.pem</code> as your certificate, not
<code>cert.pem</code>).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For a more detailed guide to configuring your server for federation, see
<a href="../federate.html">Federation</a>.</p>
<h3 id="client-well-known-uri"><a class="header" href="#client-well-known-uri">Client Well-Known URI</a></h3>
<p>Setting up the client Well-Known URI is optional but if you set it up, it will
allow users to enter their full username (e.g. <code>@user:&lt;server_name&gt;</code>) into clients
which support well-known lookup to automatically configure the homeserver and
identity server URLs. This is useful so that users don't have to memorize or think
about the actual homeserver URL you are using.</p>
<p>The URL <code>https://&lt;server_name&gt;/.well-known/matrix/client</code> should return JSON in
the following format.</p>
<pre><code class="language-json">{
  &quot;m.homeserver&quot;: {
    &quot;base_url&quot;: &quot;https://&lt;matrix.example.com&gt;&quot;
  }
}
</code></pre>
<p>It can optionally contain identity server information as well.</p>
<pre><code class="language-json">{
  &quot;m.homeserver&quot;: {
    &quot;base_url&quot;: &quot;https://&lt;matrix.example.com&gt;&quot;
  },
  &quot;m.identity_server&quot;: {
    &quot;base_url&quot;: &quot;https://&lt;identity.example.com&gt;&quot;
  }
}
</code></pre>
<p>To work in browser based clients, the file must be served with the appropriate
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) headers. A recommended value would be
<code>Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *</code> which would allow all browser based clients to
view it.</p>
<p>In nginx this would be something like:</p>
<pre><code class="language-nginx">location /.well-known/matrix/client {
    return 200 '{&quot;m.homeserver&quot;: {&quot;base_url&quot;: &quot;https://&lt;matrix.example.com&gt;&quot;}}';
    default_type application/json;
    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
}
</code></pre>
<p>You should also ensure the <code>public_baseurl</code> option in <code>homeserver.yaml</code> is set
correctly. <code>public_baseurl</code> should be set to the URL that clients will use to
connect to your server. This is the same URL you put for the <code>m.homeserver</code>
<code>base_url</code> above.</p>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">public_baseurl: &quot;https://&lt;matrix.example.com&gt;&quot;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="email"><a class="header" href="#email">Email</a></h3>
<p>It is desirable for Synapse to have the capability to send email. This allows
Synapse to send password reset emails, send verifications when an email address
is added to a user's account, and send email notifications to users when they
receive new messages.</p>
<p>To configure an SMTP server for Synapse, modify the configuration section
headed <code>email</code>, and be sure to have at least the <code>smtp_host</code>, <code>smtp_port</code>
and <code>notif_from</code> fields filled out.  You may also need to set <code>smtp_user</code>,
<code>smtp_pass</code>, and <code>require_transport_security</code>.</p>
<p>If email is not configured, password reset, registration and notifications via
email will be disabled.</p>
<h3 id="registering-a-user"><a class="header" href="#registering-a-user">Registering a user</a></h3>
<p>The easiest way to create a new user is to do so from a client like <a href="https://element.io/">Element</a>.</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can do so from the command line. This can be done as follows:</p>
<ol>
<li>If synapse was installed via pip, activate the virtualenv as follows (if Synapse was
installed via a prebuilt package, <code>register_new_matrix_user</code> should already be
on the search path):
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd ~/synapse
source env/bin/activate
synctl start # if not already running
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>Run the following command:
<pre><code class="language-sh">register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml http://localhost:8008
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>This will prompt you to add details for the new user, and will then connect to
the running Synapse to create the new user. For example:</p>
<pre><code>New user localpart: erikj
Password:
Confirm password:
Make admin [no]:
Success!
</code></pre>
<p>This process uses a setting <code>registration_shared_secret</code> in
<code>homeserver.yaml</code>, which is shared between Synapse itself and the
<code>register_new_matrix_user</code> script. It doesn't matter what it is (a random
value is generated by <code>--generate-config</code>), but it should be kept secret, as
anyone with knowledge of it can register users, including admin accounts,
on your server even if <code>enable_registration</code> is <code>false</code>.</p>
<h3 id="setting-up-a-turn-server"><a class="header" href="#setting-up-a-turn-server">Setting up a TURN server</a></h3>
<p>For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure
a TURN server. See <a href="../turn-howto.html">TURN setup</a> for details.</p>
<h3 id="url-previews"><a class="header" href="#url-previews">URL previews</a></h3>
<p>Synapse includes support for previewing URLs, which is disabled by default.  To
turn it on you must enable the <code>url_preview_enabled: True</code> config parameter
and explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for
previewing in the <code>url_preview_ip_range_blacklist</code> configuration parameter.
This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users
spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that
your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted.</p>
<p>This also requires the optional <code>lxml</code> python dependency to be  installed. This
in turn requires the <code>libxml2</code> library to be available - on  Debian/Ubuntu this
means <code>apt-get install libxml2-dev</code>, or equivalent for your OS.</p>
<h3 id="troubleshooting-installation"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting-installation">Troubleshooting Installation</a></h3>
<p><code>pip</code> seems to leak <em>lots</em> of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux
host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this
happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are
failing, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">pip install twisted
</code></pre>
<p>If you have any other problems, feel free to ask in
<a href="https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org">#synapse:matrix.org</a>.</p>

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