README.rst 36 KB

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  1. .. contents::
  2. Introduction
  3. ============
  4. Matrix is an ambitious new ecosystem for open federated Instant Messaging and
  5. VoIP. The basics you need to know to get up and running are:
  6. - Everything in Matrix happens in a room. Rooms are distributed and do not
  7. exist on any single server. Rooms can be located using convenience aliases
  8. like ``#matrix:matrix.org`` or ``#test:localhost:8448``.
  9. - Matrix user IDs look like ``@matthew:matrix.org`` (although in the future
  10. you will normally refer to yourself and others using a third party identifier
  11. (3PID): email address, phone number, etc rather than manipulating Matrix user IDs)
  12. The overall architecture is::
  13. client <----> homeserver <=====================> homeserver <----> client
  14. https://somewhere.org/_matrix https://elsewhere.net/_matrix
  15. ``#matrix:matrix.org`` is the official support room for Matrix, and can be
  16. accessed by any client from https://matrix.org/docs/projects/try-matrix-now.html or
  17. via IRC bridge at irc://irc.freenode.net/matrix.
  18. Synapse is currently in rapid development, but as of version 0.5 we believe it
  19. is sufficiently stable to be run as an internet-facing service for real usage!
  20. About Matrix
  21. ============
  22. Matrix specifies a set of pragmatic RESTful HTTP JSON APIs as an open standard,
  23. which handle:
  24. - Creating and managing fully distributed chat rooms with no
  25. single points of control or failure
  26. - Eventually-consistent cryptographically secure synchronisation of room
  27. state across a global open network of federated servers and services
  28. - Sending and receiving extensible messages in a room with (optional)
  29. end-to-end encryption[1]
  30. - Inviting, joining, leaving, kicking, banning room members
  31. - Managing user accounts (registration, login, logout)
  32. - Using 3rd Party IDs (3PIDs) such as email addresses, phone numbers,
  33. Facebook accounts to authenticate, identify and discover users on Matrix.
  34. - Placing 1:1 VoIP and Video calls
  35. These APIs are intended to be implemented on a wide range of servers, services
  36. and clients, letting developers build messaging and VoIP functionality on top
  37. of the entirely open Matrix ecosystem rather than using closed or proprietary
  38. solutions. The hope is for Matrix to act as the building blocks for a new
  39. generation of fully open and interoperable messaging and VoIP apps for the
  40. internet.
  41. Synapse is a reference "homeserver" implementation of Matrix from the core
  42. development team at matrix.org, written in Python/Twisted. It is intended to
  43. showcase the concept of Matrix and let folks see the spec in the context of a
  44. codebase and let you run your own homeserver and generally help bootstrap the
  45. ecosystem.
  46. In Matrix, every user runs one or more Matrix clients, which connect through to
  47. a Matrix homeserver. The homeserver stores all their personal chat history and
  48. user account information - much as a mail client connects through to an
  49. IMAP/SMTP server. Just like email, you can either run your own Matrix
  50. homeserver and control and own your own communications and history or use one
  51. hosted by someone else (e.g. matrix.org) - there is no single point of control
  52. or mandatory service provider in Matrix, unlike WhatsApp, Facebook, Hangouts,
  53. etc.
  54. We'd like to invite you to join #matrix:matrix.org (via
  55. https://matrix.org/docs/projects/try-matrix-now.html), run a homeserver, take a look
  56. at the `Matrix spec <https://matrix.org/docs/spec>`_, and experiment with the
  57. `APIs <https://matrix.org/docs/api>`_ and `Client SDKs
  58. <http://matrix.org/docs/projects/try-matrix-now.html#client-sdks>`_.
  59. Thanks for using Matrix!
  60. [1] End-to-end encryption is currently in beta: `blog post <https://matrix.org/blog/2016/11/21/matrixs-olm-end-to-end-encryption-security-assessment-released-and-implemented-cross-platform-on-riot-at-last>`_.
  61. Synapse Installation
  62. ====================
  63. Synapse is the reference python/twisted Matrix homeserver implementation.
  64. System requirements:
  65. - POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X)
  66. - Python 2.7
  67. - At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org
  68. Installing from source
  69. ----------------------
  70. (Prebuilt packages are available for some platforms - see `Platform-Specific
  71. Instructions`_.)
  72. Synapse is written in python but some of the libraries it uses are written in
  73. C. So before we can install synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the
  74. header files for python C extensions.
  75. Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian::
  76. sudo apt-get install build-essential python2.7-dev libffi-dev \
  77. python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 \
  78. libssl-dev python-virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev
  79. Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux::
  80. sudo pacman -S base-devel python2 python-pip \
  81. python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3
  82. Installing prerequisites on CentOS 7 or Fedora 25::
  83. sudo yum install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \
  84. lcms2-devel libwebp-devel tcl-devel tk-devel redhat-rpm-config \
  85. python-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel
  86. sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
  87. Installing prerequisites on Mac OS X::
  88. xcode-select --install
  89. sudo easy_install pip
  90. sudo pip install virtualenv
  91. brew install pkg-config libffi
  92. Installing prerequisites on Raspbian::
  93. sudo apt-get install build-essential python2.7-dev libffi-dev \
  94. python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 \
  95. libssl-dev python-virtualenv libjpeg-dev
  96. sudo pip install --upgrade pip
  97. sudo pip install --upgrade ndg-httpsclient
  98. sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
  99. Installing prerequisites on openSUSE::
  100. sudo zypper in -t pattern devel_basis
  101. sudo zypper in python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 python-virtualenv \
  102. python-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel libjpeg62-devel
  103. Installing prerequisites on OpenBSD::
  104. doas pkg_add python libffi py-pip py-setuptools sqlite3 py-virtualenv \
  105. libxslt
  106. To install the synapse homeserver run::
  107. virtualenv -p python2.7 ~/.synapse
  108. source ~/.synapse/bin/activate
  109. pip install --upgrade pip
  110. pip install --upgrade setuptools
  111. pip install https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tarball/master
  112. This installs synapse, along with the libraries it uses, into a virtual
  113. environment under ``~/.synapse``. Feel free to pick a different directory
  114. if you prefer.
  115. In case of problems, please see the _`Troubleshooting` section below.
  116. Alternatively, Silvio Fricke has contributed a Dockerfile to automate the
  117. above in Docker at https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/silviof/docker-matrix/.
  118. Also, Martin Giess has created an auto-deployment process with vagrant/ansible,
  119. tested with VirtualBox/AWS/DigitalOcean - see https://github.com/EMnify/matrix-synapse-auto-deploy
  120. for details.
  121. Configuring synapse
  122. -------------------
  123. Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration
  124. file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before)::
  125. cd ~/.synapse
  126. python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
  127. --server-name my.domain.name \
  128. --config-path homeserver.yaml \
  129. --generate-config \
  130. --report-stats=[yes|no]
  131. ... substituting an appropriate value for ``--server-name``. The server name
  132. determines the "domain" part of user-ids for users on your server: these will
  133. all be of the format ``@user:my.domain.name``. It also determines how other
  134. matrix servers will reach yours for `Federation`_. For a test configuration,
  135. set this to the hostname of your server. For a more production-ready setup, you
  136. will probably want to specify your domain (``example.com``) rather than a
  137. matrix-specific hostname here (in the same way that your email address is
  138. probably ``user@example.com`` rather than ``user@email.example.com``) - but
  139. doing so may require more advanced setup - see `Setting up
  140. Federation`_. Beware that the server name cannot be changed later.
  141. This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will
  142. also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your Home Server to
  143. identify itself to other Home Servers, so don't lose or delete them. It would be
  144. wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to
  145. change your Home Server's keys, you may find that other Home Servers have the
  146. old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the
  147. key in the ``<server name>.signing.key`` file (the second word) to something
  148. different. See `the spec`__ for more information on key management.)
  149. .. __: `key_management`_
  150. The default configuration exposes two HTTP ports: 8008 and 8448. Port 8008 is
  151. configured without TLS; it is not recommended this be exposed outside your
  152. local network. Port 8448 is configured to use TLS with a self-signed
  153. certificate. This is fine for testing with but, to avoid your clients
  154. complaining about the certificate, you will almost certainly want to use
  155. another certificate for production purposes. (Note that a self-signed
  156. certificate is fine for `Federation`_). You can do so by changing
  157. ``tls_certificate_path``, ``tls_private_key_path`` and ``tls_dh_params_path``
  158. in ``homeserver.yaml``; alternatively, you can use a reverse-proxy, but be sure
  159. to read `Using a reverse proxy with Synapse`_ when doing so.
  160. Apart from port 8448 using TLS, both ports are the same in the default
  161. configuration.
  162. Registering a user
  163. ------------------
  164. You will need at least one user on your server in order to use a Matrix
  165. client. Users can be registered either `via a Matrix client`__, or via a
  166. commandline script.
  167. .. __: `client-user-reg`_
  168. To get started, it is easiest to use the command line to register new users::
  169. $ source ~/.synapse/bin/activate
  170. $ synctl start # if not already running
  171. $ register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml https://localhost:8448
  172. New user localpart: erikj
  173. Password:
  174. Confirm password:
  175. Make admin [no]:
  176. Success!
  177. This process uses a setting ``registration_shared_secret`` in
  178. ``homeserver.yaml``, which is shared between Synapse itself and the
  179. ``register_new_matrix_user`` script. It doesn't matter what it is (a random
  180. value is generated by ``--generate-config``), but it should be kept secret, as
  181. anyone with knowledge of it can register users on your server even if
  182. ``enable_registration`` is ``false``.
  183. Setting up a TURN server
  184. ------------------------
  185. For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure
  186. a TURN server. See `<docs/turn-howto.rst>`_ for details.
  187. IPv6
  188. ----
  189. As of Synapse 0.19 we finally support IPv6, many thanks to @kyrias and @glyph
  190. for providing PR #1696.
  191. However, for federation to work on hosts with IPv6 DNS servers you **must**
  192. be running Twisted 17.1.0 or later - see https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/1002
  193. for details. We can't make Synapse depend on Twisted 17.1 by default
  194. yet as it will break most older distributions (see https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/1909)
  195. so if you are using operating system dependencies you'll have to install your
  196. own Twisted 17.1 package via pip or backports etc.
  197. If you're running in a virtualenv then pip should have installed the newest
  198. Twisted automatically, but if your virtualenv is old you will need to manually
  199. upgrade to a newer Twisted dependency via:
  200. pip install Twisted>=17.1.0
  201. Running Synapse
  202. ===============
  203. To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to
  204. run (e.g. ``~/.synapse``), and::
  205. cd ~/.synapse
  206. source ./bin/activate
  207. synctl start
  208. Connecting to Synapse from a client
  209. ===================================
  210. The easiest way to try out your new Synapse installation is by connecting to it
  211. from a web client. The easiest option is probably the one at
  212. http://riot.im/app. You will need to specify a "Custom server" when you log on
  213. or register: set this to ``https://localhost:8448`` - remember to specify the
  214. port (``:8448``) unless you changed the configuration. (Leave the identity
  215. server as the default - see `Identity servers`_.)
  216. If all goes well you should at least be able to log in, create a room, and
  217. start sending messages.
  218. (The homeserver runs a web client by default at https://localhost:8448/, though
  219. as of the time of writing it is somewhat outdated and not really recommended -
  220. https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/1527).
  221. .. _`client-user-reg`:
  222. Registering a new user from a client
  223. ------------------------------------
  224. By default, registration of new users via Matrix clients is disabled. To enable
  225. it, specify ``enable_registration: true`` in ``homeserver.yaml``. (It is then
  226. recommended to also set up CAPTCHA - see `<docs/CAPTCHA_SETUP.rst>`_.)
  227. Once ``enable_registration`` is set to ``true``, it is possible to register a
  228. user via `riot.im <https://riot.im/app/#/register>`_ or other Matrix clients.
  229. Your new user name will be formed partly from the ``server_name`` (see
  230. `Configuring synapse`_), and partly from a localpart you specify when you
  231. create the account. Your name will take the form of::
  232. @localpart:my.domain.name
  233. (pronounced "at localpart on my dot domain dot name").
  234. As when logging in, you will need to specify a "Custom server". Specify your
  235. desired ``localpart`` in the 'User name' box.
  236. Security Note
  237. =============
  238. Matrix serves raw user generated data in some APIs - specifically the `content
  239. repository endpoints <http://matrix.org/docs/spec/client_server/latest.html#get-matrix-media-r0-download-servername-mediaid>`_.
  240. Whilst we have tried to mitigate against possible XSS attacks (e.g.
  241. https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/1021) we recommend running
  242. matrix homeservers on a dedicated domain name, to limit any malicious user generated
  243. content served to web browsers a matrix API from being able to attack webapps hosted
  244. on the same domain. This is particularly true of sharing a matrix webclient and
  245. server on the same domain.
  246. See https://github.com/vector-im/vector-web/issues/1977 and
  247. https://developer.github.com/changes/2014-04-25-user-content-security for more details.
  248. Platform-Specific Instructions
  249. ==============================
  250. Debian
  251. ------
  252. Matrix provides official Debian packages via apt from http://matrix.org/packages/debian/.
  253. Note that these packages do not include a client - choose one from
  254. https://matrix.org/docs/projects/try-matrix-now.html (or build your own with one of our SDKs :)
  255. Fedora
  256. ------
  257. Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at
  258. https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse
  259. ArchLinux
  260. ---------
  261. The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with the community package
  262. https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/matrix-synapse/, which should pull in most of
  263. the necessary dependencies. If the default web client is to be served (enabled by default in
  264. the generated config),
  265. https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/python2-matrix-angular-sdk/ will also need to
  266. be installed.
  267. Alternatively, to install using pip a few changes may be needed as ArchLinux
  268. defaults to python 3, but synapse currently assumes python 2.7 by default:
  269. pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 )::
  270. sudo pip2.7 install --upgrade pip
  271. You also may need to explicitly specify python 2.7 again during the install
  272. request::
  273. pip2.7 install https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tarball/master
  274. If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class:
  275. ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly
  276. compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if
  277. installing under virtualenv)::
  278. sudo pip2.7 uninstall py-bcrypt
  279. sudo pip2.7 install py-bcrypt
  280. During setup of Synapse you need to call python2.7 directly again::
  281. cd ~/.synapse
  282. python2.7 -m synapse.app.homeserver \
  283. --server-name machine.my.domain.name \
  284. --config-path homeserver.yaml \
  285. --generate-config
  286. ...substituting your host and domain name as appropriate.
  287. FreeBSD
  288. -------
  289. Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from:
  290. - Ports: ``cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean``
  291. - Packages: ``pkg install py27-matrix-synapse``
  292. OpenBSD
  293. -------
  294. There is currently no port for OpenBSD. Additionally, OpenBSD's security
  295. settings require a slightly more difficult installation process.
  296. 1) Create a new directory in ``/usr/local`` called ``_synapse``. Also, create a
  297. new user called ``_synapse`` and set that directory as the new user's home.
  298. This is required because, by default, OpenBSD only allows binaries which need
  299. write and execute permissions on the same memory space to be run from
  300. ``/usr/local``.
  301. 2) ``su`` to the new ``_synapse`` user and change to their home directory.
  302. 3) Create a new virtualenv: ``virtualenv -p python2.7 ~/.synapse``
  303. 4) Source the virtualenv configuration located at
  304. ``/usr/local/_synapse/.synapse/bin/activate``. This is done in ``ksh`` by
  305. using the ``.`` command, rather than ``bash``'s ``source``.
  306. 5) Optionally, use ``pip`` to install ``lxml``, which Synapse needs to parse
  307. webpages for their titles.
  308. 6) Use ``pip`` to install this repository: ``pip install
  309. https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tarball/master``
  310. 7) Optionally, change ``_synapse``'s shell to ``/bin/false`` to reduce the
  311. chance of a compromised Synapse server being used to take over your box.
  312. After this, you may proceed with the rest of the install directions.
  313. NixOS
  314. -----
  315. Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at:
  316. https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix
  317. Windows Install
  318. ---------------
  319. Synapse can be installed on Cygwin. It requires the following Cygwin packages:
  320. - gcc
  321. - git
  322. - libffi-devel
  323. - openssl (and openssl-devel, python-openssl)
  324. - python
  325. - python-setuptools
  326. The content repository requires additional packages and will be unable to process
  327. uploads without them:
  328. - libjpeg8
  329. - libjpeg8-devel
  330. - zlib
  331. If you choose to install Synapse without these packages, you will need to reinstall
  332. ``pillow`` for changes to be applied, e.g. ``pip uninstall pillow`` ``pip install
  333. pillow --user``
  334. Troubleshooting:
  335. - You may need to upgrade ``setuptools`` to get this to work correctly:
  336. ``pip install setuptools --upgrade``.
  337. - You may encounter errors indicating that ``ffi.h`` is missing, even with
  338. ``libffi-devel`` installed. If you do, copy the ``.h`` files:
  339. ``cp /usr/lib/libffi-3.0.13/include/*.h /usr/include``
  340. - You may need to install libsodium from source in order to install PyNacl. If
  341. you do, you may need to create a symlink to ``libsodium.a`` so ``ld`` can find
  342. it: ``ln -s /usr/local/lib/libsodium.a /usr/lib/libsodium.a``
  343. Troubleshooting
  344. ===============
  345. Troubleshooting Installation
  346. ----------------------------
  347. Synapse requires pip 1.7 or later, so if your OS provides too old a version you
  348. may need to manually upgrade it::
  349. sudo pip install --upgrade pip
  350. Installing may fail with ``Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement pymacaroons-pynacl (from matrix-synapse==0.12.0)``.
  351. You can fix this by manually upgrading pip and virtualenv::
  352. sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
  353. You can next rerun ``virtualenv -p python2.7 synapse`` to update the virtual env.
  354. Installing may fail during installing virtualenv with ``InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.``
  355. You can fix this by manually installing ndg-httpsclient::
  356. pip install --upgrade ndg-httpsclient
  357. Installing may fail with ``mock requires setuptools>=17.1. Aborting installation``.
  358. You can fix this by upgrading setuptools::
  359. pip install --upgrade setuptools
  360. If pip crashes mid-installation for reason (e.g. lost terminal), pip may
  361. refuse to run until you remove the temporary installation directory it
  362. created. To reset the installation::
  363. rm -rf /tmp/pip_install_matrix
  364. pip seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux
  365. host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this
  366. happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are
  367. failing, e.g.::
  368. pip install twisted
  369. On OS X, if you encounter clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' you
  370. will need to export CFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments.
  371. Troubleshooting Running
  372. -----------------------
  373. If synapse fails with ``missing "sodium.h"`` crypto errors, you may need
  374. to manually upgrade PyNaCL, as synapse uses NaCl (http://nacl.cr.yp.to/) for
  375. encryption and digital signatures.
  376. Unfortunately PyNACL currently has a few issues
  377. (https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/issues/53) and
  378. (https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/issues/79) that mean it may not install
  379. correctly, causing all tests to fail with errors about missing "sodium.h". To
  380. fix try re-installing from PyPI or directly from
  381. (https://github.com/pyca/pynacl)::
  382. # Install from PyPI
  383. pip install --user --upgrade --force pynacl
  384. # Install from github
  385. pip install --user https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/tarball/master
  386. Running out of File Handles
  387. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  388. If synapse runs out of filehandles, it typically fails badly - live-locking
  389. at 100% CPU, and/or failing to accept new TCP connections (blocking the
  390. connecting client). Matrix currently can legitimately use a lot of file handles,
  391. thanks to busy rooms like #matrix:matrix.org containing hundreds of participating
  392. servers. The first time a server talks in a room it will try to connect
  393. simultaneously to all participating servers, which could exhaust the available
  394. file descriptors between DNS queries & HTTPS sockets, especially if DNS is slow
  395. to respond. (We need to improve the routing algorithm used to be better than
  396. full mesh, but as of June 2017 this hasn't happened yet).
  397. If you hit this failure mode, we recommend increasing the maximum number of
  398. open file handles to be at least 4096 (assuming a default of 1024 or 256).
  399. This is typically done by editing ``/etc/security/limits.conf``
  400. Separately, Synapse may leak file handles if inbound HTTP requests get stuck
  401. during processing - e.g. blocked behind a lock or talking to a remote server etc.
  402. This is best diagnosed by matching up the 'Received request' and 'Processed request'
  403. log lines and looking for any 'Processed request' lines which take more than
  404. a few seconds to execute. Please let us know at #matrix-dev:matrix.org if
  405. you see this failure mode so we can help debug it, however.
  406. ArchLinux
  407. ~~~~~~~~~
  408. If running `$ synctl start` fails with 'returned non-zero exit status 1',
  409. you will need to explicitly call Python2.7 - either running as::
  410. python2.7 -m synapse.app.homeserver --daemonize -c homeserver.yaml
  411. ...or by editing synctl with the correct python executable.
  412. Upgrading an existing Synapse
  413. =============================
  414. The instructions for upgrading synapse are in `UPGRADE.rst`_.
  415. Please check these instructions as upgrading may require extra steps for some
  416. versions of synapse.
  417. .. _UPGRADE.rst: UPGRADE.rst
  418. .. _federation:
  419. Setting up Federation
  420. =====================
  421. Federation is the process by which users on different servers can participate
  422. in the same room. For this to work, those other servers must be able to contact
  423. yours to send messages.
  424. As explained in `Configuring synapse`_, the ``server_name`` in your
  425. ``homeserver.yaml`` file determines the way that other servers will reach
  426. yours. By default, they will treat it as a hostname and try to connect to
  427. port 8448. This is easy to set up and will work with the default configuration,
  428. provided you set the ``server_name`` to match your machine's public DNS
  429. hostname.
  430. For a more flexible configuration, you can set up a DNS SRV record. This allows
  431. you to run your server on a machine that might not have the same name as your
  432. domain name. For example, you might want to run your server at
  433. ``synapse.example.com``, but have your Matrix user-ids look like
  434. ``@user:example.com``. (A SRV record also allows you to change the port from
  435. the default 8448. However, if you are thinking of using a reverse-proxy, be
  436. sure to read `Reverse-proxying the federation port`_ first.)
  437. To use a SRV record, first create your SRV record and publish it in DNS. This
  438. should have the format ``_matrix._tcp.<yourdomain.com> <ttl> IN SRV 10 0 <port>
  439. <synapse.server.name>``. The DNS record should then look something like::
  440. $ dig -t srv _matrix._tcp.example.com
  441. _matrix._tcp.example.com. 3600 IN SRV 10 0 8448 synapse.example.com.
  442. You can then configure your homeserver to use ``<yourdomain.com>`` as the domain in
  443. its user-ids, by setting ``server_name``::
  444. python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
  445. --server-name <yourdomain.com> \
  446. --config-path homeserver.yaml \
  447. --generate-config
  448. python -m synapse.app.homeserver --config-path homeserver.yaml
  449. If you've already generated the config file, you need to edit the ``server_name``
  450. in your ``homeserver.yaml`` file. If you've already started Synapse and a
  451. database has been created, you will have to recreate the database.
  452. If all goes well, you should be able to `connect to your server with a client`__,
  453. and then join a room via federation. (Try ``#matrix-dev:matrix.org`` as a first
  454. step. "Matrix HQ"'s sheer size and activity level tends to make even the
  455. largest boxes pause for thought.)
  456. .. __: `Connecting to Synapse from a client`_
  457. Troubleshooting
  458. ---------------
  459. The typical failure mode with federation is that when you try to join a room,
  460. it is rejected with "401: Unauthorized". Generally this means that other
  461. servers in the room couldn't access yours. (Joining a room over federation is a
  462. complicated dance which requires connections in both directions).
  463. So, things to check are:
  464. * If you are trying to use a reverse-proxy, read `Reverse-proxying the
  465. federation port`_.
  466. * If you are not using a SRV record, check that your ``server_name`` (the part
  467. of your user-id after the ``:``) matches your hostname, and that port 8448 on
  468. that hostname is reachable from outside your network.
  469. * If you *are* using a SRV record, check that it matches your ``server_name``
  470. (it should be ``_matrix._tcp.<server_name>``), and that the port and hostname
  471. it specifies are reachable from outside your network.
  472. Running a Demo Federation of Synapses
  473. -------------------------------------
  474. If you want to get up and running quickly with a trio of homeservers in a
  475. private federation, there is a script in the ``demo`` directory. This is mainly
  476. useful just for development purposes. See `<demo/README>`_.
  477. Using PostgreSQL
  478. ================
  479. As of Synapse 0.9, `PostgreSQL <http://www.postgresql.org>`_ is supported as an
  480. alternative to the `SQLite <http://sqlite.org/>`_ database that Synapse has
  481. traditionally used for convenience and simplicity.
  482. The advantages of Postgres include:
  483. * significant performance improvements due to the superior threading and
  484. caching model, smarter query optimiser
  485. * allowing the DB to be run on separate hardware
  486. * allowing basic active/backup high-availability with a "hot spare" synapse
  487. pointing at the same DB master, as well as enabling DB replication in
  488. synapse itself.
  489. For information on how to install and use PostgreSQL, please see
  490. `docs/postgres.rst <docs/postgres.rst>`_.
  491. .. _reverse-proxy:
  492. Using a reverse proxy with Synapse
  493. ==================================
  494. It is possible to put a reverse proxy such as
  495. `nginx <https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html>`_,
  496. `Apache <https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_proxy_http.html>`_ or
  497. `HAProxy <http://www.haproxy.org/>`_ in front of Synapse. One advantage of
  498. doing so is that it means that you can expose the default https port (443) to
  499. Matrix clients without needing to run Synapse with root privileges.
  500. The most important thing to know here is that Matrix clients and other Matrix
  501. servers do not necessarily need to connect to your server via the same
  502. port. Indeed, clients will use port 443 by default, whereas servers default to
  503. port 8448. Where these are different, we refer to the 'client port' and the
  504. 'federation port'.
  505. The next most important thing to know is that using a reverse-proxy on the
  506. federation port has a number of pitfalls. It is possible, but be sure to read
  507. `Reverse-proxying the federation port`_.
  508. The recommended setup is therefore to configure your reverse-proxy on port 443
  509. for client connections, but to also expose port 8448 for server-server
  510. connections. All the Matrix endpoints begin ``/_matrix``, so an example nginx
  511. configuration might look like::
  512. server {
  513. listen 443 ssl;
  514. listen [::]:443 ssl;
  515. server_name matrix.example.com;
  516. location /_matrix {
  517. proxy_pass http://localhost:8008;
  518. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
  519. }
  520. }
  521. You will also want to set ``bind_addresses: ['127.0.0.1']`` and ``x_forwarded: true``
  522. for port 8008 in ``homeserver.yaml`` to ensure that client IP addresses are
  523. recorded correctly.
  524. Having done so, you can then use ``https://matrix.example.com`` (instead of
  525. ``https://matrix.example.com:8448``) as the "Custom server" when `Connecting to
  526. Synapse from a client`_.
  527. Reverse-proxying the federation port
  528. ------------------------------------
  529. There are two issues to consider before using a reverse-proxy on the federation
  530. port:
  531. * Due to the way SSL certificates are managed in the Matrix federation protocol
  532. (see `spec`__), Synapse needs to be configured with the path to the SSL
  533. certificate, *even if you do not terminate SSL at Synapse*.
  534. .. __: `key_management`_
  535. * Synapse does not currently support SNI on the federation protocol
  536. (`bug #1491 <https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/1491>`_), which
  537. means that using name-based virtual hosting is unreliable.
  538. Furthermore, a number of the normal reasons for using a reverse-proxy do not
  539. apply:
  540. * Other servers will connect on port 8448 by default, so there is no need to
  541. listen on port 443 (for federation, at least), which avoids the need for root
  542. privileges and virtual hosting.
  543. * A self-signed SSL certificate is fine for federation, so there is no need to
  544. automate renewals. (The certificate generated by ``--generate-config`` is
  545. valid for 10 years.)
  546. If you want to set up a reverse-proxy on the federation port despite these
  547. caveats, you will need to do the following:
  548. * In ``homeserver.yaml``, set ``tls_certificate_path`` to the path to the SSL
  549. certificate file used by your reverse-proxy, and set ``no_tls`` to ``True``.
  550. (``tls_private_key_path`` will be ignored if ``no_tls`` is ``True``.)
  551. * In your reverse-proxy configuration:
  552. * If there are other virtual hosts on the same port, make sure that the
  553. *default* one uses the certificate configured above.
  554. * Forward ``/_matrix`` to Synapse.
  555. * If your reverse-proxy is not listening on port 8448, publish a SRV record to
  556. tell other servers how to find you. See `Setting up Federation`_.
  557. When updating the SSL certificate, just update the file pointed to by
  558. ``tls_certificate_path``: there is no need to restart synapse. (You may like to
  559. use a symbolic link to help make this process atomic.)
  560. The most common mistake when setting up federation is not to tell Synapse about
  561. your SSL certificate. To check it, you can visit
  562. ``https://matrix.org/federationtester/api/report?server_name=<your_server_name>``.
  563. Unfortunately, there is no UI for this yet, but, you should see
  564. ``"MatchingTLSFingerprint": true``. If not, check that
  565. ``Certificates[0].SHA256Fingerprint`` (the fingerprint of the certificate
  566. presented by your reverse-proxy) matches ``Keys.tls_fingerprints[0].sha256``
  567. (the fingerprint of the certificate Synapse is using).
  568. Identity Servers
  569. ================
  570. Identity servers have the job of mapping email addresses and other 3rd Party
  571. IDs (3PIDs) to Matrix user IDs, as well as verifying the ownership of 3PIDs
  572. before creating that mapping.
  573. **They are not where accounts or credentials are stored - these live on home
  574. servers. Identity Servers are just for mapping 3rd party IDs to matrix IDs.**
  575. This process is very security-sensitive, as there is obvious risk of spam if it
  576. is too easy to sign up for Matrix accounts or harvest 3PID data. In the longer
  577. term, we hope to create a decentralised system to manage it (`matrix-doc #712
  578. <https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/issues/712>`_), but in the meantime,
  579. the role of managing trusted identity in the Matrix ecosystem is farmed out to
  580. a cluster of known trusted ecosystem partners, who run 'Matrix Identity
  581. Servers' such as `Sydent <https://github.com/matrix-org/sydent>`_, whose role
  582. is purely to authenticate and track 3PID logins and publish end-user public
  583. keys.
  584. You can host your own copy of Sydent, but this will prevent you reaching other
  585. users in the Matrix ecosystem via their email address, and prevent them finding
  586. you. We therefore recommend that you use one of the centralised identity servers
  587. at ``https://matrix.org`` or ``https://vector.im`` for now.
  588. To reiterate: the Identity server will only be used if you choose to associate
  589. an email address with your account, or send an invite to another user via their
  590. email address.
  591. URL Previews
  592. ============
  593. Synapse 0.15.0 introduces a new API for previewing URLs at
  594. ``/_matrix/media/r0/preview_url``. This is disabled by default. To turn it on
  595. you must enable the ``url_preview_enabled: True`` config parameter and
  596. explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for
  597. previewing in the ``url_preview_ip_range_blacklist`` configuration parameter.
  598. This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users
  599. spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that
  600. your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted.
  601. This also requires the optional lxml and netaddr python dependencies to be
  602. installed.
  603. Password reset
  604. ==============
  605. If a user has registered an email address to their account using an identity
  606. server, they can request a password-reset token via clients such as Vector.
  607. A manual password reset can be done via direct database access as follows.
  608. First calculate the hash of the new password::
  609. $ source ~/.synapse/bin/activate
  610. $ ./scripts/hash_password
  611. Password:
  612. Confirm password:
  613. $2a$12$xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
  614. Then update the `users` table in the database::
  615. UPDATE users SET password_hash='$2a$12$xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
  616. WHERE name='@test:test.com';
  617. Synapse Development
  618. ===================
  619. Before setting up a development environment for synapse, make sure you have the
  620. system dependencies (such as the python header files) installed - see
  621. `Installing from source`_.
  622. To check out a synapse for development, clone the git repo into a working
  623. directory of your choice::
  624. git clone https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse.git
  625. cd synapse
  626. Synapse has a number of external dependencies, that are easiest
  627. to install using pip and a virtualenv::
  628. virtualenv -p python2.7 env
  629. source env/bin/activate
  630. python synapse/python_dependencies.py | xargs pip install
  631. pip install lxml mock
  632. This will run a process of downloading and installing all the needed
  633. dependencies into a virtual env.
  634. Once this is done, you may wish to run Synapse's unit tests, to
  635. check that everything is installed as it should be::
  636. PYTHONPATH="." trial tests
  637. This should end with a 'PASSED' result::
  638. Ran 143 tests in 0.601s
  639. PASSED (successes=143)
  640. Building Internal API Documentation
  641. ===================================
  642. Before building internal API documentation install sphinx and
  643. sphinxcontrib-napoleon::
  644. pip install sphinx
  645. pip install sphinxcontrib-napoleon
  646. Building internal API documentation::
  647. python setup.py build_sphinx
  648. Help!! Synapse eats all my RAM!
  649. ===============================
  650. Synapse's architecture is quite RAM hungry currently - we deliberately
  651. cache a lot of recent room data and metadata in RAM in order to speed up
  652. common requests. We'll improve this in future, but for now the easiest
  653. way to either reduce the RAM usage (at the risk of slowing things down)
  654. is to set the almost-undocumented ``SYNAPSE_CACHE_FACTOR`` environment
  655. variable. The default is 0.5, which can be decreased to reduce RAM usage
  656. in memory constrained enviroments, or increased if performance starts to
  657. degrade.
  658. .. _`key_management`: https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/unstable.html#retrieving-server-keys