synapse/synapse/event_auth.py

# Copyright 2014 - 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import logging
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple

from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
from signedjson.sign import SignatureVerifyException, verify_signed_json
from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64

from synapse.api.constants import MAX_PDU_SIZE, EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, EventSizeError, SynapseError
from synapse.api.room_versions import (
    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
    EventFormatVersions,
    RoomVersion,
)
from synapse.events import EventBase
from synapse.types import StateMap, UserID, get_domain_from_id

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def check(
    room_version_obj: RoomVersion,
    event: EventBase,
    auth_events: StateMap[EventBase],
    do_sig_check: bool = True,
    do_size_check: bool = True,
) -> None:
    """Checks if this event is correctly authed.

    Args:
        room_version_obj: the version of the room
        event: the event being checked.
        auth_events: the existing room state.

    Raises:
        AuthError if the checks fail

    Returns:
         if the auth checks pass.
    """
    assert isinstance(auth_events, dict)

    if do_size_check:
        _check_size_limits(event)

    if not hasattr(event, "room_id"):
        raise AuthError(500, "Event has no room_id: %s" % event)

    room_id = event.room_id

    # We need to ensure that the auth events are actually for the same room, to
    # stop people from using powers they've been granted in other rooms for
    # example.
    for auth_event in auth_events.values():
        if auth_event.room_id != room_id:
            raise AuthError(
                403,
                "During auth for event %s in room %s, found event %s in the state "
                "which is in room %s"
                % (event.event_id, room_id, auth_event.event_id, auth_event.room_id),
            )

    if do_sig_check:
        sender_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)

        is_invite_via_3pid = (
            event.type == EventTypes.Member
            and event.membership == Membership.INVITE
            and "third_party_invite" in event.content
        )

        # Check the sender's domain has signed the event
        if not event.signatures.get(sender_domain):
            # We allow invites via 3pid to have a sender from a different
            # HS, as the sender must match the sender of the original
            # 3pid invite. This is checked further down with the
            # other dedicated membership checks.
            if not is_invite_via_3pid:
                raise AuthError(403, "Event not signed by sender's server")

        if event.format_version in (EventFormatVersions.V1,):
            # Only older room versions have event IDs to check.
            event_id_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.event_id)

            # Check the origin domain has signed the event
            if not event.signatures.get(event_id_domain):
                raise AuthError(403, "Event not signed by sending server")

    # Implementation of https://matrix.org/docs/spec/rooms/v1#authorization-rules
    #
    # 1. If type is m.room.create:
    if event.type == EventTypes.Create:
        # 1b. If the domain of the room_id does not match the domain of the sender,
        # reject.
        sender_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
        room_id_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.room_id)
        if room_id_domain != sender_domain:
            raise AuthError(
                403, "Creation event's room_id domain does not match sender's"
            )

        # 1c. If content.room_version is present and is not a recognised version, reject
        room_version_prop = event.content.get("room_version", "1")
        if room_version_prop not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
            raise AuthError(
                403,
                "room appears to have unsupported version %s" % (room_version_prop,),
            )

        logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
        return

    # 3. If event does not have a m.room.create in its auth_events, reject.
    creation_event = auth_events.get((EventTypes.Create, ""), None)
    if not creation_event:
        raise AuthError(403, "No create event in auth events")

    # additional check for m.federate
    creating_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.room_id)
    originating_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
    if creating_domain != originating_domain:
        if not _can_federate(event, auth_events):
            raise AuthError(403, "This room has been marked as unfederatable.")

    # 4. If type is m.room.aliases
    if event.type == EventTypes.Aliases and room_version_obj.special_case_aliases_auth:
        # 4a. If event has no state_key, reject
        if not event.is_state():
            raise AuthError(403, "Alias event must be a state event")
        if not event.state_key:
            raise AuthError(403, "Alias event must have non-empty state_key")

        # 4b. If sender's domain doesn't matches [sic] state_key, reject
        sender_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
        if event.state_key != sender_domain:
            raise AuthError(
                403, "Alias event's state_key does not match sender's domain"
            )

        # 4c. Otherwise, allow.
        logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
        return

    if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
        logger.debug("Auth events: %s", [a.event_id for a in auth_events.values()])

    # 5. If type is m.room.membership
    if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
        _is_membership_change_allowed(room_version_obj, event, auth_events)
        logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
        return

    _check_event_sender_in_room(event, auth_events)

    # Special case to allow m.room.third_party_invite events wherever
    # a user is allowed to issue invites.  Fixes
    # https://github.com/vector-im/vector-web/issues/1208 hopefully
    if event.type == EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite:
        user_level = get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)
        invite_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "invite", 0)

        if user_level < invite_level:
            raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to invite users")
        else:
            logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
            return

    _can_send_event(event, auth_events)

    if event.type == EventTypes.PowerLevels:
        _check_power_levels(room_version_obj, event, auth_events)

    if event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
        check_redaction(room_version_obj, event, auth_events)

    logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)


def _check_size_limits(event: EventBase) -> None:
    def too_big(field):
        raise EventSizeError("%s too large" % (field,))

    if len(event.user_id) > 255:
        too_big("user_id")
    if len(event.room_id) > 255:
        too_big("room_id")
    if event.is_state() and len(event.state_key) > 255:
        too_big("state_key")
    if len(event.type) > 255:
        too_big("type")
    if len(event.event_id) > 255:
        too_big("event_id")
    if len(encode_canonical_json(event.get_pdu_json())) > MAX_PDU_SIZE:
        too_big("event")


def _can_federate(event: EventBase, auth_events: StateMap[EventBase]) -> bool:
    creation_event = auth_events.get((EventTypes.Create, ""))
    # There should always be a creation event, but if not don't federate.
    if not creation_event:
        return False

    return creation_event.content.get("m.federate", True) is True


def _is_membership_change_allowed(
    room_version: RoomVersion, event: EventBase, auth_events: StateMap[EventBase]
) -> None:
    """
    Confirms that the event which changes membership is an allowed change.

    Args:
        room_version: The version of the room.
        event: The event to check.
        auth_events: The current auth events of the room.

    Raises:
        AuthError if the event is not allowed.
    """
    membership = event.content["membership"]

    # Check if this is the room creator joining:
    if len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1 and Membership.JOIN == membership:
        # Get room creation event:
        key = (EventTypes.Create, "")
        create = auth_events.get(key)
        if create and event.prev_event_ids()[0] == create.event_id:
            if create.content["creator"] == event.state_key:
                return

    target_user_id = event.state_key

    creating_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.room_id)
    target_domain = get_domain_from_id(target_user_id)
    if creating_domain != target_domain:
        if not _can_federate(event, auth_events):
            raise AuthError(403, "This room has been marked as unfederatable.")

    # get info about the caller
    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id)
    caller = auth_events.get(key)

    caller_in_room = caller and caller.membership == Membership.JOIN
    caller_invited = caller and caller.membership == Membership.INVITE
    caller_knocked = (
        caller
        and room_version.msc2403_knocking
        and caller.membership == Membership.KNOCK
    )

    # get info about the target
    key = (EventTypes.Member, target_user_id)
    target = auth_events.get(key)

    target_in_room = target and target.membership == Membership.JOIN
    target_banned = target and target.membership == Membership.BAN

    key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "")
    join_rule_event = auth_events.get(key)
    if join_rule_event:
        join_rule = join_rule_event.content.get("join_rule", JoinRules.INVITE)
    else:
        join_rule = JoinRules.INVITE

    user_level = get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)
    target_level = get_user_power_level(target_user_id, auth_events)

    # FIXME (erikj): What should we do here as the default?
    ban_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "ban", 50)

    logger.debug(
        "_is_membership_change_allowed: %s",
        {
            "caller_in_room": caller_in_room,
            "caller_invited": caller_invited,
            "caller_knocked": caller_knocked,
            "target_banned": target_banned,
            "target_in_room": target_in_room,
            "membership": membership,
            "join_rule": join_rule,
            "target_user_id": target_user_id,
            "event.user_id": event.user_id,
        },
    )

    if Membership.INVITE == membership and "third_party_invite" in event.content:
        if not _verify_third_party_invite(event, auth_events):
            raise AuthError(403, "You are not invited to this room.")
        if target_banned:
            raise AuthError(403, "%s is banned from the room" % (target_user_id,))
        return

    # Require the user to be in the room for membership changes other than join/knock.
    if Membership.JOIN != membership and (
        RoomVersion.msc2403_knocking and Membership.KNOCK != membership
    ):
        # If the user has been invited or has knocked, they are allowed to change their
        # membership event to leave
        if (
            (caller_invited or caller_knocked)
            and Membership.LEAVE == membership
            and target_user_id == event.user_id
        ):
            return

        if not caller_in_room:  # caller isn't joined
            raise AuthError(403, "%s not in room %s." % (event.user_id, event.room_id))

    if Membership.INVITE == membership:
        # TODO (erikj): We should probably handle this more intelligently
        # PRIVATE join rules.

        # Invites are valid iff caller is in the room and target isn't.
        if target_banned:
            raise AuthError(403, "%s is banned from the room" % (target_user_id,))
        elif target_in_room:  # the target is already in the room.
            raise AuthError(403, "%s is already in the room." % target_user_id)
        else:
            invite_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "invite", 0)

            if user_level < invite_level:
                raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to invite users")
    elif Membership.JOIN == membership:
        # Joins are valid iff caller == target and:
        # * They are not banned.
        # * They are accepting a previously sent invitation.
        # * They are already joined (it's a NOOP).
        # * The room is public or restricted.
        if event.user_id != target_user_id:
            raise AuthError(403, "Cannot force another user to join.")
        elif target_banned:
            raise AuthError(403, "You are banned from this room")
        elif join_rule == JoinRules.PUBLIC or (
            room_version.msc3083_join_rules
            and join_rule == JoinRules.MSC3083_RESTRICTED
        ):
            pass
        elif join_rule == JoinRules.INVITE or (
            room_version.msc2403_knocking and join_rule == JoinRules.KNOCK
        ):
            if not caller_in_room and not caller_invited:
                raise AuthError(403, "You are not invited to this room.")
        else:
            # TODO (erikj): may_join list
            # TODO (erikj): private rooms
            raise AuthError(403, "You are not allowed to join this room")
    elif Membership.LEAVE == membership:
        # TODO (erikj): Implement kicks.
        if target_banned and user_level < ban_level:
            raise AuthError(403, "You cannot unban user %s." % (target_user_id,))
        elif target_user_id != event.user_id:
            kick_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "kick", 50)

            if user_level < kick_level or user_level <= target_level:
                raise AuthError(403, "You cannot kick user %s." % target_user_id)
    elif Membership.BAN == membership:
        if user_level < ban_level or user_level <= target_level:
            raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to ban")
    elif room_version.msc2403_knocking and Membership.KNOCK == membership:
        if join_rule != JoinRules.KNOCK:
            raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to knock")
        elif target_user_id != event.user_id:
            raise AuthError(403, "You cannot knock for other users")
        elif target_in_room:
            raise AuthError(403, "You cannot knock on a room you are already in")
        elif caller_invited:
            raise AuthError(403, "You are already invited to this room")
        elif target_banned:
            raise AuthError(403, "You are banned from this room")
    else:
        raise AuthError(500, "Unknown membership %s" % membership)


def _check_event_sender_in_room(
    event: EventBase, auth_events: StateMap[EventBase]
) -> None:
    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id)
    member_event = auth_events.get(key)

    _check_joined_room(member_event, event.user_id, event.room_id)


def _check_joined_room(member: Optional[EventBase], user_id: str, room_id: str) -> None:
    if not member or member.membership != Membership.JOIN:
        raise AuthError(
            403, "User %s not in room %s (%s)" % (user_id, room_id, repr(member))
        )


def get_send_level(
    etype: str, state_key: Optional[str], power_levels_event: Optional[EventBase]
) -> int:
    """Get the power level required to send an event of a given type

    The federation spec [1] refers to this as "Required Power Level".

    https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/unstable.html#definitions

    Args:
        etype: type of event
        state_key: state_key of state event, or None if it is not
            a state event.
        power_levels_event: power levels event
            in force at this point in the room
    Returns:
        power level required to send this event.
    """

    if power_levels_event:
        power_levels_content = power_levels_event.content
    else:
        power_levels_content = {}

    # see if we have a custom level for this event type
    send_level = power_levels_content.get("events", {}).get(etype)

    # otherwise, fall back to the state_default/events_default.
    if send_level is None:
        if state_key is not None:
            send_level = power_levels_content.get("state_default", 50)
        else:
            send_level = power_levels_content.get("events_default", 0)

    return int(send_level)


def _can_send_event(event: EventBase, auth_events: StateMap[EventBase]) -> bool:
    power_levels_event = _get_power_level_event(auth_events)

    send_level = get_send_level(event.type, event.get("state_key"), power_levels_event)
    user_level = get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)

    if user_level < send_level:
        raise AuthError(
            403,
            "You don't have permission to post that to the room. "
            + "user_level (%d) < send_level (%d)" % (user_level, send_level),
        )

    # Check state_key
    if hasattr(event, "state_key"):
        if event.state_key.startswith("@"):
            if event.state_key != event.user_id:
                raise AuthError(403, "You are not allowed to set others state")

    return True


def check_redaction(
    room_version_obj: RoomVersion,
    event: EventBase,
    auth_events: StateMap[EventBase],
) -> bool:
    """Check whether the event sender is allowed to redact the target event.

    Returns:
        True if the the sender is allowed to redact the target event if the
        target event was created by them.
        False if the sender is allowed to redact the target event with no
        further checks.

    Raises:
        AuthError if the event sender is definitely not allowed to redact
        the target event.
    """
    user_level = get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)

    redact_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "redact", 50)

    if user_level >= redact_level:
        return False

    if room_version_obj.event_format == EventFormatVersions.V1:
        redacter_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.event_id)
        if not isinstance(event.redacts, str):
            return False
        redactee_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.redacts)
        if redacter_domain == redactee_domain:
            return True
    else:
        event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = True
        return True

    raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to redact events")


def _check_power_levels(
    room_version_obj: RoomVersion,
    event: EventBase,
    auth_events: StateMap[EventBase],
) -> None:
    user_list = event.content.get("users", {})
    # Validate users
    for k, v in user_list.items():
        try:
            UserID.from_string(k)
        except Exception:
            raise SynapseError(400, "Not a valid user_id: %s" % (k,))

        try:
            int(v)
        except Exception:
            raise SynapseError(400, "Not a valid power level: %s" % (v,))

    key = (event.type, event.state_key)
    current_state = auth_events.get(key)

    if not current_state:
        return

    user_level = get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)

    # Check other levels:
    levels_to_check = [
        ("users_default", None),
        ("events_default", None),
        ("state_default", None),
        ("ban", None),
        ("redact", None),
        ("kick", None),
        ("invite", None),
    ]  # type: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]

    old_list = current_state.content.get("users", {})
    for user in set(list(old_list) + list(user_list)):
        levels_to_check.append((user, "users"))

    old_list = current_state.content.get("events", {})
    new_list = event.content.get("events", {})
    for ev_id in set(list(old_list) + list(new_list)):
        levels_to_check.append((ev_id, "events"))

    # MSC2209 specifies these checks should also be done for the "notifications"
    # key.
    if room_version_obj.limit_notifications_power_levels:
        old_list = current_state.content.get("notifications", {})
        new_list = event.content.get("notifications", {})
        for ev_id in set(list(old_list) + list(new_list)):
            levels_to_check.append((ev_id, "notifications"))

    old_state = current_state.content
    new_state = event.content

    for level_to_check, dir in levels_to_check:
        old_loc = old_state
        new_loc = new_state
        if dir:
            old_loc = old_loc.get(dir, {})
            new_loc = new_loc.get(dir, {})

        if level_to_check in old_loc:
            old_level = int(old_loc[level_to_check])  # type: Optional[int]
        else:
            old_level = None

        if level_to_check in new_loc:
            new_level = int(new_loc[level_to_check])  # type: Optional[int]
        else:
            new_level = None

        if new_level is not None and old_level is not None:
            if new_level == old_level:
                continue

        if dir == "users" and level_to_check != event.user_id:
            if old_level == user_level:
                raise AuthError(
                    403,
                    "You don't have permission to remove ops level equal "
                    "to your own",
                )

        # Check if the old and new levels are greater than the user level
        # (if defined)
        old_level_too_big = old_level is not None and old_level > user_level
        new_level_too_big = new_level is not None and new_level > user_level
        if old_level_too_big or new_level_too_big:
            raise AuthError(
                403, "You don't have permission to add ops level greater than your own"
            )


def _get_power_level_event(auth_events: StateMap[EventBase]) -> Optional[EventBase]:
    return auth_events.get((EventTypes.PowerLevels, ""))


def get_user_power_level(user_id: str, auth_events: StateMap[EventBase]) -> int:
    """Get a user's power level

    Args:
        user_id: user's id to look up in power_levels
        auth_events:
            state in force at this point in the room (or rather, a subset of
            it including at least the create event and power levels event.

    Returns:
        the user's power level in this room.
    """
    power_level_event = _get_power_level_event(auth_events)
    if power_level_event:
        level = power_level_event.content.get("users", {}).get(user_id)
        if not level:
            level = power_level_event.content.get("users_default", 0)

        if level is None:
            return 0
        else:
            return int(level)
    else:
        # if there is no power levels event, the creator gets 100 and everyone
        # else gets 0.

        # some things which call this don't pass the create event: hack around
        # that.
        key = (EventTypes.Create, "")
        create_event = auth_events.get(key)
        if create_event is not None and create_event.content["creator"] == user_id:
            return 100
        else:
            return 0


def _get_named_level(auth_events: StateMap[EventBase], name: str, default: int) -> int:
    power_level_event = _get_power_level_event(auth_events)

    if not power_level_event:
        return default

    level = power_level_event.content.get(name, None)
    if level is not None:
        return int(level)
    else:
        return default


def _verify_third_party_invite(event: EventBase, auth_events: StateMap[EventBase]):
    """
    Validates that the invite event is authorized by a previous third-party invite.

    Checks that the public key, and keyserver, match those in the third party invite,
    and that the invite event has a signature issued using that public key.

    Args:
        event: The m.room.member join event being validated.
        auth_events: All relevant previous context events which may be used
            for authorization decisions.

    Return:
        True if the event fulfills the expectations of a previous third party
        invite event.
    """
    if "third_party_invite" not in event.content:
        return False
    if "signed" not in event.content["third_party_invite"]:
        return False
    signed = event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]
    for key in {"mxid", "token"}:
        if key not in signed:
            return False

    token = signed["token"]

    invite_event = auth_events.get((EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite, token))
    if not invite_event:
        return False

    if invite_event.sender != event.sender:
        return False

    if event.user_id != invite_event.user_id:
        return False

    if signed["mxid"] != event.state_key:
        return False
    if signed["token"] != token:
        return False

    for public_key_object in get_public_keys(invite_event):
        public_key = public_key_object["public_key"]
        try:
            for server, signature_block in signed["signatures"].items():
                for key_name in signature_block.keys():
                    if not key_name.startswith("ed25519:"):
                        continue
                    verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(
                        key_name, decode_base64(public_key)
                    )
                    verify_signed_json(signed, server, verify_key)

                    # We got the public key from the invite, so we know that the
                    # correct server signed the signed bundle.
                    # The caller is responsible for checking that the signing
                    # server has not revoked that public key.
                    return True
        except (KeyError, SignatureVerifyException):
            continue
    return False


def get_public_keys(invite_event: EventBase) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    public_keys = []
    if "public_key" in invite_event.content:
        o = {"public_key": invite_event.content["public_key"]}
        if "key_validity_url" in invite_event.content:
            o["key_validity_url"] = invite_event.content["key_validity_url"]
        public_keys.append(o)
    public_keys.extend(invite_event.content.get("public_keys", []))
    return public_keys


def auth_types_for_event(event: EventBase) -> Set[Tuple[str, str]]:
    """Given an event, return a list of (EventType, StateKey) that may be
    needed to auth the event. The returned list may be a superset of what
    would actually be required depending on the full state of the room.

    Used to limit the number of events to fetch from the database to
    actually auth the event.
    """
    if event.type == EventTypes.Create:
        return set()

    auth_types = {
        (EventTypes.PowerLevels, ""),
        (EventTypes.Member, event.sender),
        (EventTypes.Create, ""),
    }

    if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
        membership = event.content["membership"]
        if membership in [Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE, Membership.KNOCK]:
            auth_types.add((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))

        auth_types.add((EventTypes.Member, event.state_key))

        if membership == Membership.INVITE:
            if "third_party_invite" in event.content:
                key = (
                    EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
                    event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"],
                )
                auth_types.add(key)

    return auth_types