keyboard 4.4 KB

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  1. .TH KEYBOARD 6
  2. .SH NAME
  3. keyboard \- how to type characters
  4. .SH DESCRIPTION
  5. Keyboards are idiosyncratic.
  6. It should be obvious how to type ordinary
  7. .SM ASCII
  8. characters,
  9. backspace, tab, escape, and newline.
  10. In Plan 9, the key labeled
  11. .B Return
  12. or
  13. .B Enter
  14. generates a newline
  15. .RB ( 0x0A );
  16. if there is a key labeled
  17. .B Line
  18. .BR Feed ,
  19. it generates a carriage return
  20. .RB ( 0x0D );
  21. Plan 9 eschews CRLFs.
  22. All control characters are typed in the usual way;
  23. in particular, control-J is a line feed and control-M a carriage return.
  24. On the PC and some other machines, the key labeled
  25. .B Caps
  26. .B Lock
  27. acts as an additional control key.
  28. .PP
  29. The delete character
  30. .RB ( 0x7F )
  31. may be generated by a different key,
  32. one near the extreme upper right of the keyboard.
  33. On the Next it is the key labeled
  34. .L *
  35. (not the asterisk above the 8).
  36. On the SLC and Sparcstation 2, delete is labeled
  37. .B Num
  38. .B Lock
  39. (the key above
  40. .B Backspace
  41. labeled
  42. .B Delete
  43. functions as an additional backspace key).
  44. On the other keyboards, the key labeled
  45. .B Del
  46. or
  47. .B Delete
  48. generates the delete character.
  49. .PP
  50. The view character
  51. .RB ( 0x80 ),
  52. used by
  53. .IR rio (1),
  54. .IR acme (1),
  55. and
  56. .IR sam (1),
  57. causes windows to scroll forward.
  58. It is generally somewhere near the lower right of the main key area.
  59. The scroll character is generated by the
  60. .B VIEW
  61. key on the Gnot, the
  62. .B Alt
  63. .B Graph
  64. key on the SLC, and the arrow key ↓
  65. on the other terminals.
  66. As a convenience for sloppy typists, some programs interpret → and ← keys,
  67. which lie on either side of ↓, as view keys as well.
  68. The arrow key ↑ scrolls backward.
  69. .PP
  70. Characters in Plan 9 are runes (see
  71. .IR utf (6)).
  72. Any rune can be typed using a compose key followed by several
  73. other keys.
  74. The compose key is also generally near the lower right of the main key area:
  75. the
  76. .B NUM PAD
  77. key on the Gnot, the
  78. .B Alternate
  79. key on the Next, the
  80. .B Compose
  81. key on the SLC, the
  82. .B Option
  83. key on the Magnum, and either
  84. .B Alt
  85. key on the PC.
  86. After typing the compose key, type a capital
  87. .L X
  88. and exactly four hexadecimal characters (digits and
  89. .L a
  90. to
  91. .LR f )
  92. to type a single two-byte rune with the value represented by
  93. the typed number.
  94. Type a lower case
  95. .L x
  96. and exactly
  97. .I UTFmax*2
  98. hexadecimal characters to type a single
  99. .I UTFmax
  100. bytes rune.
  101. There are shorthands for many characters, comprising
  102. the compose key followed by a two- or three-character sequence.
  103. There are several rules guiding the design of the sequences, as
  104. illustrated by the following examples.
  105. The full list is too long to repeat here, but is contained in the file
  106. .L /lib/keyboard
  107. in a format suitable for
  108. .IR grep (1)
  109. or
  110. .IR look (1).
  111. .IP
  112. A repeated symbol gives a variant of that symbol, e.g.,
  113. .B ??
  114. yields ¿\|.
  115. .IP
  116. .SM ASCII
  117. digraphs for mathematical operators give the corresponding operator, e.g.,
  118. .B <=
  119. yields ≤.
  120. .IP
  121. Two letters give the corresponding ligature, e.g.,
  122. .B AE
  123. yields Æ.
  124. .IP
  125. Mathematical and other symbols are given by abbreviations for their names, e.g.,
  126. .B pg
  127. yields ¶.
  128. .IP
  129. Chess pieces are given by a
  130. .B w
  131. or
  132. .B b
  133. followed by a letter for the piece
  134. .RB ( k
  135. for king,
  136. .B q
  137. for queen,
  138. .B r
  139. for rook,
  140. .B n
  141. for knight,
  142. .B b
  143. for bishop, or
  144. .B p
  145. for pawn),
  146. e.g.,
  147. .B wk
  148. for a white king.
  149. .IP
  150. Greek letters are given by an asterisk followed by a corresponding latin letter,
  151. e.g.,
  152. .B *d
  153. yields δ.
  154. .IP
  155. Cyrillic letters are given by an at sign followed by a corresponding latin letter or letters,
  156. e.g.,
  157. .B @ya
  158. yields я.
  159. .IP
  160. Script letters are given by a dollar sign followed by the corresponding regular letter,
  161. e.g.,
  162. .B $F
  163. yields ℱ.
  164. .IP
  165. A digraph of a symbol followed by a letter gives the letter with an accent that looks like the symbol, e.g.,
  166. .B ,c
  167. yields ç.
  168. .IP
  169. Two digits give the fraction with that numerator and denominator, e.g.,
  170. .B 12
  171. yields ½.
  172. .IP
  173. The letter s followed by a character gives that character as a superscript, e.g.,
  174. .B s1
  175. yields ⁱ.
  176. These characters are taken from the Unicode block 0x2070; the 1, 2, and 3
  177. superscripts in the Latin-1 block are available by using a capital S instead of s.
  178. .IP
  179. Sometimes a pair of characters give a symbol related to the superimposition of the characters, e.g.,
  180. .B cO
  181. yields ©.
  182. .IP
  183. A mnemonic letter followed by $ gives a currency symbol, e.g.,
  184. .B l$
  185. yields £.
  186. .PP
  187. Note the difference between ß (ss) and µ (micron) and
  188. the Greek β and μ.
  189. .SH FILES
  190. .TF "/lib/keyboard "
  191. .TP
  192. .B /lib/keyboard
  193. sorted table of characters and keyboard sequences
  194. .SH "SEE ALSO"
  195. .IR intro (1),
  196. .IR ascii (1),
  197. .IR tcs (1),
  198. .IR acme (1),
  199. .IR rio (1),
  200. .IR sam (1),
  201. .IR cons (3),
  202. .IR utf (6)